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Creasy and Resnik’s Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 9th Edition. Principles and Practice

Charles J. Lockwood, Joshua Copel, Thomas Moore
ISBN: 9780323828499
ISBN: 9780323828499
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The definitive reference in the field for more than 35 years, Creasy and Resnik’s Maternal-Fetal Medicine provides today’s MFM practitioners with authoritative, comprehensive guidance on every aspect of this fast-changing field. The fully revised 9th Edition brings you up to date with the latest evidence-based guidelines and research as well as the fundamental scientific foundation needed for effective practice, helping you minimize complications and ensure the best possible outcomes for your patients. Renowned experts in obstetrics, gynecology, and perinatology provide valuable information in every area of complex obstetric care, highlighting the most commonly encountered anomalies and providing clear guidelines for obstetric and neonatal management.

Key Features
  • Offers comprehensive updates on rapidly changing topics, including extensively revised genetic content throughout.
  • Includes two new chapters: maternal and fetal viral infections, including COVID-19; and sexually transmitted disease, covering the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of individual infectious diseases that may complicate pregnancy.
  • Contains user-friendly features such as numerous diagnostic and treatment algorithms for quick access to current protocols; key points at the end of each chapter; and counseling pearls with practical guidance on patient consultation.
  • Features a comprehensive imaging section, including a video library to aid in everyday diagnosis.
  • Shares the expertise of a renowned editorial team—including new co-editors Drs. Lorraine Dugoff and Judette M. Louis—who lead authors representing top institutions from around the globe.
  • Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Author Information
By Charles J. Lockwood, MD, MHCM Senior, Dean, College of Medicine, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leslie H. and Abigail S. Wexner Dean’s Chair in Medicine, Vice President for Health Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio ; Thomas Moore, MD, Professor and Chairman, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA; Joshua Copel, MD, Professor and Vice Chair, Obstetrics, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Professor, Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT ; Robert M Silver, MD and Robert Resnik, MD, Professor and Chair Emeritus, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA; Edited by Lorraine Dugoff, MD, Chief, Division of Reproductive Genetics, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Judette Louis, MD, MPH, Chair, College of Medicine Obstetrics & Gynecology Associate Professor, COPH Dean’s Office Assoc. Prof. & Chair, College of Medicine Obstetrics & Gynecology, USA

Περιεχόμενα

  • Instructions for online access
  • Cover image
  • Title page
  • Table of Contents
  • Copyright
  • Dedication
  • Contributors
  • Preface
  • Part 1. Scientific Basis of Perinatal Biology
  • 1. Human Genetics and Patterns of Inheritance
  • DNA Structure
  • Cell Division
  • Errors in Meiosis
  • Errors in Mitosis
  • Mendelian Inheritance
  • Mitochondrial Inheritance
  • Trinucleotide Repeats
  • Key Points
  • 2. Molecular Genetic Technology
  • Detecting the Genetic Basis of Disease
  • Sources of Parental Genetic Material
  • Sources of Fetal Genetic Material
  • Cytogenetic Testing: Detection of Chromosomal or Subchromosomal Abnormalities
  • Genotyping/Sequencing
  • Special Applications
  • Conclusion
  • Key Points
  • 3. Normal Early Development
  • Preimplantation Development
  • Maternal Factors and Uterine Receptivity
  • Implantation
  • Postimplantation Trophoblast Differentiation
  • Postimplantation Placental Development
  • Epigenetic Regulation of Placental Development
  • Embryonic Development: From the Primitive Streak through Gastrulation
  • Early Embryonic Development Postgastrulation
  • Organogenesis
  • Conclusion
  • Key Points
  • 4. Amniotic Fluid Dynamics
  • Volume of Amniotic Fluid
  • Production and Composition of Amniotic Fluid
  • Resorption of Amniotic Fluid
  • Possible Mechanisms to Regulate Amniotic Fluid Volume via Intramembranous Flow
  • Possible Regulation of Intramembranous Flow
  • Key Points
  • 5. Multiple Gestation: The Biology of Twinning
  • Zygosity and Chorionicity
  • Mechanisms Underlying Dizygotic and Monozygotic Twinning
  • Twin Placentation Types
  • Complications of Monochorionic Twinning and Their Associated Placental Characteristics
  • Complications of Dichorionic Twinning
  • Key Points
  • 6. Physiology of Parturition
  • Morphologic Changes in the Reproductive Tract During Pregnancy
  • Diagnosis of Labor
  • Timing of Labor
  • Genetic Influences on the Timing of Labor
  • Hormonal Control of Labor
  • Myometrial Contractility
  • Physiologic Inflammation and Labor Onset
  • Role of the Cervix in Labor
  • Abnormal Timing of Labor
  • Achieving a Successful Vaginal Delivery
  • Conclusions
  • Key Points
  • 7. Pathogenesis of Spontaneous Preterm Birth
  • Preterm Birth Syndrome: Phenotypic Classification
  • Mechanisms of Spontaneous Preterm Birth
  • Phenotypic Components of the Preterm Birth Syndrome
  • Key Points
  • 8. Immunology of Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy as an Allograft
  • General Concepts of Immunology
  • Maternal Immune Responses to the Trophoblast: The Pregnant Uterus as an Immune Privileged Site
  • Role of Immune Cells During Pregnancy
  • Infection and Pregnancy
  • TLR and NLR Expression and Function by Other Gestational Tissues
  • How a Viral Infection Affects the Fetus and Pregnancy Outcome
  • Mother-Placenta-Fetus: A Complex Response to Infection
  • Are Prophylaxis and Treatment Appropriate and Beneficial for Pregnant Women?
  • Summary
  • 9. Maternal Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Renal Adaptation to Pregnancy
  • Cardiovascular System
  • Respiratory System
  • Renal System
  • Conclusion
  • 10. Endocrinology of Pregnancy
  • Implantation
  • Concept of Immunotolerance in the Uterus
  • Concept of MicroRNA in Implantation Regulation
  • Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Production
  • Maintenance of Early Pregnancy: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Corpus Luteum of Pregnancy
  • Timing of the Luteal-Placental Shift
  • Fetoplacental Unit as an Endocrine Organ
  • Pregnancy-Specific Glycoproteins
  • Endocrine-Metabolic Changes in Pregnancy
  • Key Points
  • 11. The Breast and the Physiology of Lactation
  • Benefits of Breastfeeding
  • The Breast
  • Physiology of Lactation
  • Initiating Breastfeeding
  • Issues in the Postpartum Period
  • Contraception
  • Maternal Infections During Breastfeeding
  • Complications of the Breast
  • Medications While Breastfeeding
  • Ongoing Breastfeeding Support
  • Key Points
  • 12. Maternal Nutrition
  • What Is Healthy Eating During Pregnancy?
  • Foods to Avoid or Limit During Pregnancy
  • Weight Gain During Pregnancy
  • Interventions to Optimize Gestational Weight Gain
  • Considerations for Special Populations
  • Key Points
  • 13. Fetal Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Blood Flow Patterns and Oxygen Delivery
  • Control of the Cardiovascular System
  • Ductus Arteriosus
  • Key Points
  • 14. Placental Respiratory Gas Exchange and Fetal Oxygenation
  • Transport of Atmospheric Oxygen to Fetal Tissues
  • Measurement of Uterine and Umbilical Oxygen Uptakes
  • Umbilical Oxygen Uptake
  • Normal Fetal Oxygenation
  • Fetal Circulatory Response to Acute Hypoxia
  • Oxygen Therapy
  • Placental Carbon Dioxide Transfer
  • Acknowledgments
  • Key Points
  • 15. Evidence-Based Practice in Perinatal Medicine
  • Evidence-Based Medicine in Perspective
  • Types of Clinical Research Studies
  • Types of Data for Clinical Research
  • Error in Clinical Research
  • Assessing Research on Screening and Diagnosis
  • Other Prediction Analysis
  • Summary
  • Key Points
  • Part 2. Obstetric Imaging
  • 16. Performing and Documenting the Fetal Anatomy Ultrasound Examination
  • Categorizing Types of Obstetric Ultrasound Examinations
  • The Basic Midtrimester Fetal Anatomy Scan (CPT 76805)
  • Documentation of the Obstetric Ultrasound Examination
  • The Detailed Maternal and Fetal Evaluation Study (CPT 76811)
  • Typical Images Obtained in a CPT 76811 Detailed Obstetric Ultrasound Examination
  • Key Points
  • 17. Doppler Ultrasound: Select Fetal and Maternal Applications
  • Umbilical Artery
  • Middle Cerebral Artery
  • Ductus Venosus
  • Uterine Artery
  • Key Points
  • 18. Clinical Applications of Three-Dimensional Sonography in Obstetrics
  • Basics of Volume Sonography
  • Imaging Tools in Volume Sonography
  • Use of Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography in the First Trimester
  • Use of Three-Dimensional Ultrasound in the Second and Third Trimesters
  • Parental Bonding and Fetal Behavior
  • The Placenta
  • Limitations of 3D Ultrasound
  • Future of Volume Sonography in Obstetrics
  • Key Points
  • 19. Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Obstetric Imaging
  • Safety
  • Examination Technique and Fundamentals
  • Brain
  • Body Anomalies
  • Complications of Twinning
  • Tumors
  • Conclusion
  • Key Points
  • 20. Fetal Central Nervous System Imaging
  • Cephalocele
  • Choroid Plexus Cyst
  • Holoprosencephaly
  • Porencephalic Cyst
  • Ventriculomegaly: Aqueductal Stenosis
  • Ventriculomegaly: Arnold-Chiari Malformation
  • Ventriculomegaly: Borderline Lateral Cerebral Ventriculomegaly
  • Ventriculomegaly: Dandy-Walker Malformation and Variant
  • Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum
  • Arachnoid Cyst
  • Exencephaly and Anencephaly
  • Hydranencephaly
  • Microcephaly
  • Vein of Galen Aneurysm
  • 21. Imaging of the Fetal Face and Neck
  • Cleft Lip and Palate
  • Cystic Hygroma
  • Micrognathia
  • Abnormal Orbits
  • Goiter
  • 22. Fetal Thoracic Imaging
  • Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
  • Cystic Lung Lesions, Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation, and Bronchopulmonary Sequestration
  • Congenital High Airway Obstruction
  • Pleural Effusion
  • 23. Fetal Cardiac Malformations and Arrhythmias: Detection, Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis
  • Incidence of Congenital Heart Disease in the Fetus
  • Risk Factors for Congenital Heart Disease in the Fetus
  • Screening for Congenital Heart Disease in the Fetus
  • Technique of Fetal Echocardiography
  • Fetal Cardiac Malformations: Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis
  • Fetal Arrhythmias: Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis
  • Conclusions
  • Key Points
  • 24. Fetal Abdominal Imaging
  • Abdominal Ascites
  • Intestinal Atresias
  • Gastroschisis
  • Omphalocele
  • Cystic Abdominal Lesions
  • Echogenic Abdominal Lesions
  • Limb–Body Stalk Lesions
  • Umbilical Vein Varix
  • Esophageal Atresia
  • 25. Fetal Urogenital Imaging
  • Pyelectasis
  • Echogenic Dysplastic Kidneys
  • Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
  • Posterior Urethral Valves
  • Ureterocele
  • Bladder Exstrophy
  • Ambiguous Genitalia
  • Duplicated Renal Collecting System
  • Renal Agenesis
  • Ureterovesical Junction Obstruction
  • 26. Skeletal Imaging
  • Skeletal Dysplasia
  • Arthrogryposis and Polydactyly
  • Clubfoot
  • Sacrococcygeal Teratoma and Sacral Agenesis
  • Neural Tube Defect
  • Craniosynostosis
  • Hemivertebrae
  • Amniotic Band Syndrome
  • 27. Placenta and Umbilical Cord Imaging
  • Marginal and Velamentous Umbilical Cord Insertion
  • Molar Gestation
  • Placenta Accreta Spectrum
  • Placental Echolucencies: Lakes, Cysts, Chorangioma
  • Placenta Previa
  • Single Umbilical Artery
  • Circumvallate Placenta
  • Subchorionic Hematoma
  • Succenturiate Placenta
  • Vasa Previa
  • 28. Uterus and Adnexae Imaging
  • Adnexal Mass, Complex and Simple
  • Uterine Anomalies
  • Uterine Myomas
  • 29. First-Trimester Imaging
  • Introduction
  • Fetal Structural Anomalies
  • Nuchal Translucency
  • First-Trimester Nasal Bone
  • Part 3. Fetal Disorders: Diagnosis and Therapy
  • 30. Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Disorders
  • Screening for Fetal Genetic Disorders
  • Screening Tests
  • Abnormal Screening Markers in Pregnancies With a Normal Karyotype
  • Maternal Serum Alpha Fetoprotein Screening for Neural Tube Defects and Other Structural Defects
  • Screening for Gene Mutations That Lead to Fetal Disease
  • Specific Disorders for Which Carrier Screening is Recommended
  • Diagnostic Tests
  • Key Points
  • 31. Teratogenesis and Environmental Exposure
  • Historical Perspective
  • Principles of Teratology
  • Sources of Data on Safety and Risks of Exposures in Pregnancy
  • Risk Assessments and Resources
  • Selected Human Teratogenic Exposures
  • Acknowledgment
  • Key Points
  • 32. Assessment of Fetal Health
  • Principles of Ideal Fetal Monitoring
  • Assessment of Normal Fetal Physiology
  • Methods of Monitoring Fetal Health
  • Practical Aspects of Fetal Testing
  • Summary
  • Acknowledgment
  • Key Points
  • 33. Intrapartum Fetal Surveillance
  • Factors Controlling Fetal Heart Rate
  • Monitoring Fetal Heart Rate
  • Fetal Responses to Hypoxia or Acidemia
  • Fetal Acid-Base Balance
  • Characteristics of Fetal Heart Rate Patterns
  • Efficacy, Risks, and Recommendations for Monitoring
  • Key Points
  • 34. Invasive Fetal Therapy
  • Open Fetal Surgery
  • Complicated Monochorionic Twin Pregnancies
  • Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
  • Selective Fetal Reduction for Other Complications
  • Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
  • Congenital Thoracic Malformations
  • Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction
  • Congenital Heart Defects
  • Myelomeningocele Repair
  • Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
  • Key Points
  • 35. Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn
  • History
  • Red Cell Alloimmunization
  • Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn Caused by Non-RhD Antibodies
  • Key Points
  • 36. Nonimmune Hydrops
  • Diagnosis
  • Etiology
  • Genetic Disorders
  • Diagnostic Approach to the Fetus with Hydrops
  • Management
  • Experimental Management of Idiopathic Cases
  • Prevention
  • Summary
  • Key Points
  • 37. Multiple Gestation: Clinical Characteristics and Management
  • Perinatal Mortality and Morbidity
  • Maternal Mortality and Morbidity
  • Maternal Adaptations
  • Ultrasonography in Multiple Gestation
  • Prenatal Diagnosis
  • Antepartum Management
  • Intrapartum Management
  • Special Considerations in Management
  • Key Points
  • Part 4. Disorders at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
  • 38. Prevention and Management of Preterm Parturition
  • The Problem of Preterm Birth
  • Consequences of Preterm Birth
  • Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Preterm Birth
  • Prevention of Preterm Birth
  • Primary Prevention of Preterm Birth
  • Secondary Prevention of Preterm Birth
  • Tertiary Prevention of Preterm Birth: Management of Preterm Labor
  • 39. Premature (Prelabor) Rupture of the Membranes
  • Physiology and Pathophysiology of Membrane Rupture
  • Prediction and Prevention
  • Epidemiology and Clinical Course
  • Complications After Premature Rupture of the Membranes
  • Diagnosis
  • Management of Premature Rupture of the Membranes
  • Key Points
  • 40. Clinical Aspects of Normal and Abnormal Labor
  • Normal Labor and Its Limits
  • Categorization of Labor Events
  • Role of Maternal Obesity
  • Documentation of Labor Progression
  • Management of Labor Abnormalities
  • Induction of Labor
  • Abnormal Presentation
  • Operative Delivery
  • Analgesia and Anesthesia for Low-Risk Labor and Vaginal Delivery
  • Labor Monitoring
  • 41. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
  • Definitions
  • Genetic Factors
  • Uterine Factors
  • Hematologic Factors
  • Environmental Factors
  • Endocrine Factors
  • Male Factors
  • Immunologic Factors
  • Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
  • Fetal Death
  • Key Points
  • 42. Stillbirth
  • Epidemiology
  • Risk Factors for Stillbirth
  • Classification of Stillbirth
  • Pathogenesis (Causes of Stillbirth)
  • Diagnosis and Evaluation
  • Management
  • Prediction of Stillbirth
  • Prevention of Stillbirth
  • Management of Subsequent Pregnancy
  • Key Points
  • 43. Placenta Previa and Accreta, Vasa Previa, Subchorionic Hemorrhage, and Abruptio Placentae
  • Placenta Previa
  • Vasa Previa
  • Subchorionic Hemorrhage
  • Abruptio Placentae
  • Key Points
  • 44. Fetal Growth Restriction
  • Fetal Growth Restriction Definition
  • Classification of Fetal Growth Restriction
  • Early and Late Fetal Growth Restriction
  • Staging System
  • Fetal Growth Restriction <500 Grams
  • Incidence of Fetal Growth Restriction
  • Perinatal Mortality and Morbidity
  • Etiology of Fetal Growth Restriction
  • Structural Abnormalities
  • Diagnosis of Fetal Growth Restriction
  • TORCH Titers
  • First-Trimester Serum Analytes
  • Management of Pregnancy
  • Neonatal Complications and Long-Term Sequelae
  • Key Points
  • 45. Pregnancy-Related Hypertension
  • Classification of Hypertensive Disorders
  • Preeclampsia and Eclampsia
  • Chronic Hypertension
  • Key Points
  • Part 5. Maternal Complications
  • 46. Patient Safety and Quality Improvement in Obstetrics
  • The Patient Safety Movement
  • Safety Challenges in Obstetrics
  • Potential Strategies to Improve Patient Safety
  • Evaluation of Progress: Outcomes and Measures
  • Economics of Patient Safety
  • Coping With the Aftermath of Adverse Events
  • Key Points
  • 47. Maternal Mortality
  • Quality Improvement
  • Measurement/Definitions
  • Epidemiology
  • Demographics
  • Role of State Maternal Mortality Review Committees
  • Causes and Preventability of Maternal Mortality
  • “Near Miss” or Severe Maternal Morbidity
  • Role of Obstetrics Leaders in Reducing Maternal Mortality
  • Key Points
  • 48. Bacterial and Parasitic Infections in Pregnancy
  • Bacteria
  • Intraamniotic Infection
  • Puerperal Endometritis
  • Episiotomy and Perineal Infections
  • Wound Infection
  • Pelvic Abscess
  • Sepsis
  • Septic Pelvic Vein Thrombophlebitis
  • Mastitis
  • Group B Streptococcal Infection
  • Listeriosis
  • Syphilis
  • Lyme Disease
  • Parasites
  • 49. Maternal and Fetal Viral Infections
  • –
  • Arboviral Diseases
  • 50. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  • Candidiasis (Monilial Vaginitis)
  • Trichomoniasis
  • Bacterial Vaginosis
  • Gonorrhea
  • Chlamydial Infection
  • Human Papillomavirus Infection
  • Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
  • Syphilis
  • 51. Maternal-Fetal Infections
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Toxoplasma gondii
  • Zika Virus
  • Rubella Virus
  • Parvovirus Infection
  • Listeria Monocytogenes
  • Group B Streptococcus
  • 52. Cardiac Diseases
  • Diagnosis of Heart Disease in Pregnancy
  • Preconception Counseling
  • Cardiovascular Adaptations to Pregnancy
  • General Guidelines for Management
  • Team Approach to Medical Care
  • Congenital Heart Disease
  • Eisenmenger Syndrome
  • Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
  • Congenital Obstructive Lesions
  • Obstruction to Pulmonary Venous Flow
  • Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Stenosis
  • Pulmonary Stenosis
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Coarctation of the Aorta
  • Other Congenital Cardiac Malformations
  • Rheumatic Heart Disease
  • Mitral Valve Prolapse
  • Aortic Valve Disease
  • Drug-Induced Valvular Heart Disease
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Coronary Artery Disease
  • Heart Failure
  • Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm
  • Marfan Syndrome and Other Connective Tissue Disorders
  • Pregnancy in Patients with Artificial Heart Valves
  • Cardiac Surgery During Pregnancy
  • Use of Prophylactic Antibiotics to Prevent Infective Endocarditis in Pregnant Women With Heart Disease
  • Cardiovascular Sequelae of Kawasaki Disease
  • Key Points
  • 53. Coagulation Disorders in Pregnancy
  • Hemostatic System
  • Disorders Promoting Thrombosis in Pregnancy
  • Bleeding Disorders
  • 54. Thromboembolic Disease in Pregnancy
  • Risk Factors
  • Diagnosis and Evaluation of Venous Thromboembolism in Pregnancy
  • Acute Pulmonary Embolism
  • Nonspecific Diagnostic Tests
  • Specific Diagnostic Tests
  • Heparin Therapy
  • Complex Presentations
  • Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Pregnancy
  • Neuraxial Anesthetic Considerations
  • Summary
  • 55. Anemia and Pregnancy
  • Clinical Presentation
  • Evaluation of Anemia
  • Normal Hematologic Changes With Pregnancy
  • Morphologic Classification of Anemia
  • Effects of Maternal Anemia on the Fetus
  • Specific Anemias
  • Hemoglobinopathies
  • Anemias Associated With Systemic Disease
  • Key Points
  • 56. Malignancy and Pregnancy
  • Overview of Cancer in Pregnancy
  • Ovarian and Cervical Malignancies
  • Treatment of Cancer During Pregnancy
  • Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
  • Pregnancy and Solid Tumors
  • Hematologic Malignancies During Pregnancy
  • Key Points
  • 57. Renal Disorders
  • Acute Renal Failure in Pregnancy
  • Chronic Kidney Disease and Pregnancy
  • Specific Diseases of the Kidney During Pregnancy
  • Dialysis Patients and Pregnancy
  • Renal Transplant and Pregnancy
  • Acknowledgments
  • Key Points
  • 58. Respiratory Diseases in Pregnancy
  • Physiologic Changes of the Respiratory System
  • Anatomic Changes of the Respiratory System
  • Oxygen Delivery and Consumption
  • Pneumonia in Pregnancy
  • Tuberculosis in Pregnancy
  • Asthma in Pregnancy
  • Restrictive Lung Disease in Pregnancy
  • Cystic Fibrosis in Pregnancy
  • Key Points
  • 59. Diabetes in Pregnancy
  • Global Prevalence of Diabetes
  • Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
  • Maternal-Fetal Metabolism in Normal and Diabetic Pregnancy
  • Complications of Diabetes During Pregnancy
  • Management
  • Pregnancy Management of the Diabetic Patient and Fetus
  • Management of the Neonate
  • Key Points
  • 60. Pregnancy in Women With Obesity
  • Epidemiology
  • Anthropometric Measures in Pregnancy
  • Pathophysiologic Effects of Maternal Obesity
  • Weight Management in Pregnancy
  • Managing Risks During Pregnancy
  • Intrapartum Management
  • Venous Thromboembolism and Postoperative Thromboprophylaxis
  • Postpartum Considerations
  • Bariatric Surgery
  • Stigma and the Environment
  • Management Across Pregnancy
  • Key Points
  • 61. Thyroid Disease and Pregnancy
  • Maternal Thyroid Physiology
  • Placental Transfer
  • Fetal and Neonatal Thyroid Physiology and Development
  • Immune System and Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy
  • Laboratory Evaluation of Thyroid Function During Pregnancy
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Isolated Hypothyroxinemia
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Postpartum Thyroid Dysfunction and Disease
  • Thyroid Nodules, Thyroid Cancer, and Risks of Radioactive Iodine Treatment
  • Key Points
  • 62. Other Endocrine Disorders of Pregnancy
  • Hypothalamic-Pituitary Disorders
  • Disorders of the Adrenal Glands
  • Parathyroid Glands and Calcium Metabolism
  • Key Points
  • 63. Gastrointestinal Disease in Pregnancy
  • Alterations in Normal Gastrointestinal Function in Pregnancy
  • Nausea and Vomiting
  • Hyperemesis Gravidarum
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
  • Peptic Ulcer Disease
  • Appendicitis
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  • Celiac Disease
  • Constipation
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Pregnancy
  • Summary and Recommendations
  • Key Points
  • 64. Diseases of the Liver, Biliary System, and Pancreas
  • Liver Function in Normal Pregnancy
  • Clinical Diagnosis of Liver Disease
  • Liver Disorders Unique to Pregnancy
  • Maternal Disorders Coincidental to Pregnancy
  • Chronic Liver Disease in Pregnancy
  • Acute Liver Failure During Pregnancy
  • Liver Transplantation and Pregnancy
  • Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  • Gallbladder Disease
  • Pancreatitis
  • Key Points
  • 65. Pregnancy and Rheumatic Diseases
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Sjögren Syndrome
  • Systemic Sclerosis
  • Systemic Vasculitis
  • Antirheumatic Drugs in Pregnancy
  • Key Points
  • 66. Neurologic Disorders
  • Epilepsy
  • Headache
  • Tumors
  • Pseudotumor Cerebri
  • Occlusive Cerebrovascular Disease
  • Intracranial Hemorrhage
  • Other Vascular Anomalies and the Nervous System
  • Infections
  • Poliomyelitis
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Movement Disorders
  • Optic Neuritis
  • Traumatic Paraplegia
  • Root Lesions
  • Plexus Lesions and Peripheral Mononeuropathies
  • Polyneuropathies
  • Myasthenia Gravis
  • Disorders of Muscle
  • Psychiatric Disorders
  • 67. Management of Depression and Psychoses in Pregnancy and in the Puerperium
  • Epidemiology
  • Pathogenesis of Mood Disorders and Psychotic Disorders, and the Effects of Pregnancy and Delivery
  • Diagnosis of Mood or Psychotic Disorders
  • Management
  • Risks of Psychopharmacologic Treatment During Pregnancy
  • Clinical Approach to Treatment of Depression and Psychoses in Pregnancy
  • Peripartum Complications
  • Postpartum Prevention
  • Summary
  • Key Points
  • 68. Substance Use and Addiction in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
  • Extent of Substance Use, Misuse, and Addiction in the United States
  • Screening of Pregnant Individuals
  • Tobacco and Nicotine-Containing Products
  • Alcohol
  • Cannabis
  • Opioids
  • Cocaine
  • Methamphetamine
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Conclusions
  • Key Points
  • 69. The Skin and Pregnancy
  • Common Skin Changes Induced by Pregnancy
  • Skin Conditions Specific to Pregnancy
  • Skin Disorders Affected by Pregnancy
  • Key Points
  • 70. Anesthesia Considerations for Complicated Pregnancies
  • Maternal Morbidity and Mortality Trends
  • Improving Patient Safety
  • Management of Individual Conditions
  • Sepsis
  • Substance Abuse
  • Trauma Management in Pregnancy
  • Key Points
  • 71. Intensive Care Considerations in Obstetrics
  • What Makes a Unit an Intensive Care Unit?
  • Tools, Techniques, and Competencies in Critical Care
  • Monitoring
  • Epidemiology of Critical Care in Obstetrics
  • Critical Care Syndromes
  • Role of the Obstetrician or Maternal-Fetal Medicine Physician in the Intensive Care Unit
  • After Discharge From the Intensive Care Unit
  • Key Points
  • 72. Pregnancy as a Window to Future Health
  • Accumulation of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Across the Life Course
  • Hypertension
  • Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
  • Preterm Birth
  • Fetal Growth Abnormalities
  • Parity, First Birth, and Last Birth
  • How to Leverage Pregnancy to Improve the Health of Women and Infants
  • Adapting Recommendations for Detection of Risk
  • Prevention in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women
  • Diagnosis and Treatment in Women With Prior Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
  • Next Steps
  • Key Points
  • Part 6. The Neonate
  • 73. Neonatal Morbidities of Prenatal and Perinatal Origin
  • Obstetrical Decisions and Neonatal Outcomes
  • The Perinatal Consultation and the Role of the Neonatologist
  • Common Morbidities of Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcome
  • Prematurity
  • Respiratory Problems
  • Gastrointestinal Problems in Neonatal Period
  • Neonatal Management of Neurologic Problems
  • Infectious Disease Problems
  • Viral Infections
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Index
  • Normal Laboratory Values in Pregnancy

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