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Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition

Brian K. Walsh
ISBN: 9780323793094
ISBN: 9780323793094
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Master the principles and skills of respiratory care for neonates, infants, and children! Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition provides a solid foundation in the assessment and treatment of respiratory disorders in children. Clear, full-color coverage simplifies the concepts of respiratory care while emphasizing clinical application. Reflecting the changing face of this profession, this edition unpacks care strategies with coverage of the newest treatment algorithms, interventions, mechanical ventilation technologies, and more. From an expert team of contributors led by Brian K. Walsh, an experienced respiratory therapist and researcher, this text is an excellent study tool for the NBRC’s Neonatal/Pediatric Specialty examination.
New to this edition

 

  • NEW! Logical, easy-to-use organization divides the content into three sections of 1) Neonatal, 2) Pediatrics, and 3) Neonatal and Pediatric combined, mirroring the academic approach of most respiratory care programs.
  • NEW! Updated content reflects the new matrix for the 2020 NBRC Neonatal/Pediatric Specialty (NPS) exam.
  • NEW! Assessment Questions at the end of each chapter are updated to reflect the changes to the 2020 NBRC exam.
  • NEW! Additional treatment algorithms of care are added to relevant chapters.

Περιεχόμενα

  • Cover image
  • Title page
  • Table of Contents
  • Copyright
  • Dedication
  • Contributors
  • Preface
  • Neonatal
  • Part 1. Fetal Development, Assessment, and Delivery
  • 1. Fetal Lung Development
  • Phases of Lung Development
  • Postnatal Lung Growth
  • Factors Affecting Prenatal and Postnatal Lung Growth
  • Alveolar Cell Development and Surfactant Production
  • Fetal Lung Liquid
  • 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
  • Embryologic Overview
  • Cardiovascular Development
  • Fetal Circulation and Fetal Shunts
  • Transition to Extrauterine Life
  • 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
  • Maternal and Perinatal Disorders
  • High-Risk Conditions
  • Antenatal Assessment
  • Intrapartum Monitoring
  • Fetal Transition to Extrauterine Life
  • 4. Respiratory Care in Pregnancy
  • Maternal Physiologic Adaptation to Pregnancy
  • Management of Maternal Respiratory Conditions
  • Ventilation Options in Pregnancy
  • Part 2. Assessment and Monitoring of the Neonate
  • 5. Examination and Assessment
  • Delivery Room Management
  • Gestational Age and Size Assessment
  • Neonatal History
  • Physical Examination of the Neonate
  • Neurologic Assessment
  • Pulmonary Examination
  • Nonpulmonary Examination
  • Laboratory Assessment
  • 6. Radiographic Assessment of the Neonate
  • Key Concepts
  • A Systematic Approach to Neonatal X-Ray Interpretation
  • Neonatal Respiratory Disorders
  • Neonatal Respiratory Complications in the NICU
  • 7. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis of the Neonate
  • Blood Gas Sampling
  • Arterial Puncture
  • Capillary Blood Gas Samples
  • Central Venous Catheters
  • Patient Information
  • Frequency
  • Blood Gas Interpretation
  • Abnormal Hemoglobin
  • 8. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal Care
  • Fundamental Monitoring
  • Pulse Oximetry
  • Transcutaneous Monitoring
  • Part 3. Neonatal Disorders: Presentation Diagnosis and Treatment
  • 9. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome
  • Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
  • Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
  • Neonatal Infections/Pneumonia
  • Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
  • Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
  • Neonatal Apnea
  • Air Leak Syndromes
  • Pulmonary Hemorrhage/Hemorrhagic Pulmonary Edema
  • Key Points
  • Answers to Case Study #1
  • Answers to Case Study #2
  • 10. Surgical Disorders in the Neonate That Affect Respiratory Care
  • Nose and Mouth
  • Trachea
  • Lung
  • Abdomen
  • 11. Congenital Cardiac Defects
  • Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology
  • Cardiopulmonary Interactions Summary
  • Classification of Cardiac Anomalies
  • Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions
  • Cyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions
  • Clinical Monitoring of Patients With Cardiac Anomalies
  • Part 4. Respiratory Therapy Procedures for the Treatment of Neonatal Disorders
  • 12. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
  • The Discovery of Surfactant
  • Surfactant Physiology
  • Surfactant Dysfunction in Acute Lung Injury
  • Clinical Applications and Replacement
  • Future Directions
  • 13. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
  • Physiologic Effects
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Hazards and Complications
  • Delivery Systems and Patient Interfaces
  • Management Strategies
  • Noninvasive Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation
  • Key Points
  • 14. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate
  • Goals and Objectives
  • General Types of Ventilation
  • Modes of Mechanical Ventilation
  • Managing Ventilator Settings
  • Manipulating Ventilation
  • Mechanisms of Gas Exchange
  • Manipulating Oxygenation
  • Patient–Ventilator Interface
  • Compressible Volume
  • Air Leak
  • Dead Space and Resistance
  • High-Frequency Circuit Considerations
  • Humidification
  • Care of the Patient
  • Complications of Mechanical Ventilation
  • Monitoring During Low-Frequency Mechanical Ventilation
  • Monitoring During High-Frequency Ventilation
  • Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation
  • Troubleshooting
  • Advancing Concepts
  • Pediatric
  • Part 1. Assessment and Monitoring of the Pediatric Patient
  • 15. Examination and Assessment of the Pediatric Patient
  • Pediatric Patient History
  • Pulmonary Examination
  • Nonpulmonary Examination
  • Laboratory Assessment
  • 16. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
  • Definitions
  • Mechanics of Breathing in Newborns
  • Neonatal Pulmonary Function Testing in the Laboratory
  • Pediatric Pulmonary Function Testing in the Laboratory
  • Measuring Pulmonary Mechanics at the Bedside
  • 17. Radiographic Assessment of the Child
  • Upper Airway
  • Lower Airway
  • Mediastinum
  • 18. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Equipment
  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
  • Preparation
  • Procedure
  • Postprocedural Monitoring and Complications
  • Equipment Maintenance
  • Comparison With Rigid Bronchoscopy
  • Key Points
  • 19. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring of the Child
  • Blood Gas Sampling
  • Arterial Puncture
  • Arterial Catheters
  • Central Venous Catheters
  • Noninveasive Measurements of Cardiac Output and Perfusion
  • Patient Information
  • Frequency
  • Blood Gas Interpretation
  • Abnormal Hemoglobin
  • 20. Noninvasive Monitoring in Pediatric Care
  • Fundamental Monitoring
  • Pulse Oximetry
  • Capnography
  • Transcutaneous Monitoring
  • Calorimetry
  • Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
  • Key Points
  • Part 2. Pediatric Disorders: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment
  • 21. Surgical Disorders in Childhood That Affect Respiratory Care
  • Trachea
  • Lung
  • Thorax
  • Heart
  • Abdomen
  • Subspecialty Surgical Considerations
  • 22. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
  • Normal Sleep Development
  • Disordered Breathing in Infants
  • Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Acute Life-Threatening Events
  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • Laboratory Assessment of Breathing in Sleep
  • 23. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
  • The Pediatric Airway
  • Airway Obstruction
  • Upper Airway Disorders
  • Lower Airway Disorders
  • Tuberculosis
  • Sickle Cell Disease
  • Recurrent Aspiration Syndrome
  • 24. Asthma
  • Definition
  • Pathogenesis
  • Pathophysiology
  • Allergic Response: Atopy
  • Environmental Triggers
  • National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Guidelines (Report 3)
  • Diagnosis
  • Management of Asthma
  • Managing Asthma Exacerbations in the Emergency Department
  • Hospitalization and Respiratory Failure
  • Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm
  • Asthma at School
  • Asthma Camps
  • 25. Cystic Fibrosis
  • Epidemiology
  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Diagnosis
  • Pulmonary Disease
  • Treatment of Pulmonary Disease
  • Nonpulmonary Manifestations
  • Prognosis
  • 26. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
  • Definition
  • Etiology
  • Prevalence
  • Clinical Course
  • Pathology and Role of Immunomodulators
  • Pulmonary Mechanics
  • Treatment and Ventilatory Support
  • Adjunct Therapies
  • COVID-19 Pandemic
  • Summary
  • 27. Shock
  • Shock
  • Meningitis
  • Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
  • Summary
  • 28. Pediatric Trauma
  • Epidemiology
  • Early Evaluation and Management
  • Head Injuries
  • Neck and Spine Injuries
  • Thoracic Trauma
  • Abdominal Trauma
  • Pelvic Fractures
  • Genitourinary Trauma
  • Nonaccidental Trauma
  • Special Considerations
  • Injury Prevention
  • 29. Disorders of the Pleura
  • Pleural Effusions
  • Pneumothorax
  • Thoracostomy Drainage
  • Pneumomediastinum
  • Surgery in The Pleural Space
  • Key Points
  • 30. Neurologic and Neuromuscular Disorders
  • Neuromuscular Control of Respiration
  • Neuromuscular Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System
  • Respiratory Evaluation of Children With Neuromuscular Disease
  • Respiratory Care of Children With Neuromuscular Disease
  • Transition to Adulthood
  • Part 3. Mechanical Ventilation
  • 31. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Child
  • Definitions and Introduction
  • NIV and CPAP
  • High-Flow Nasal Cannula
  • NIV Treatment in Pediatric Respiratory Disorders
  • Noninvasive Ventilation With Positive-Pressure Devices
  • Noninvasive Ventilation With Negative-Pressure Devices
  • NIV Adjustment: Modes and Pressure Titration
  • Interface Selection and Fit
  • Monitoring the Patient and Ventilator Circuit
  • Complications and Contraindications to NIV
  • Future of Noninvasive Ventilation in Pediatrics
  • 32. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Child
  • Goals and Objectives
  • General Types of Ventilation
  • Managing Ventilator Settings
  • Manipulating Ventilation
  • Manipulating Oxygenation
  • Care of the Patient
  • Complication of Mechanical Ventilation
  • Monitoring During Low-Frequency Mechanical Ventilation
  • Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation
  • Troubleshooting
  • Advancing Concepts
  • Neonatal and Pediatric
  • Part 1. Respiratory Therapy Procedures for the Treatment of Neonatal and Pediatric Disorders
  • 33. Oxygen Administration
  • Indications
  • Complications
  • Oxygen Administration
  • 34. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
  • Neonatal and Pediatric Medication Delivery
  • Aerosol Characteristics
  • Aerosol Delivery
  • Device Selection and Compliance
  • Reducing Risk of Bioaerosol and Fugitive Aerosol Transmission
  • Interface Selection for Aerosol Drug Delivery to Infants and Children
  • Aerosol Administration in Nonintubated Infants and Children
  • Emergency Bronchodilator Resuscitation
  • Aerosol Drug Delivery to Children Receiving Noninvasive Ventilation
  • Aerosol Drug Delivery to Intubated Infants and Children
  • Aerosol Drug Delivery During High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation
  • Aerosol Drug Delivery to Children With a Tracheostomy
  • Deposition in Intubated and Nonintubated Infants
  • Bronchodilator Administration
  • Other Medications for Aerosol Delivery
  • Home Care and Monitoring Compliance
  • 35. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
  • History and Current Status of Airway Clearance Techniques
  • Traditional Airway Clearance Techniques
  • Airway Clearance Therapy
  • Adverse Consequences
  • Complications of Airway Clearance Techniques
  • Selection of Patients for Airway Clearance Techniques
  • Contraindications
  • Length and Frequency of Therapy
  • Therapy Modification
  • Monitoring During Therapy
  • Evaluation of Therapy
  • Documentation of Therapy
  • Hyperinflation Therapy
  • 36. Airway Management
  • Intubation
  • Intubation Procedure
  • Extubation
  • Tracheostomy
  • Suctioning
  • Key Points
  • 37. Administration of Gas Mixtures
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Helium–Oxygen Mixtures
  • Anesthetic Mixtures
  • 38. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • Background
  • Uses of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • Modes of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Systems
  • Clinical Management
  • Liberation From Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • Complications
  • Outcomes
  • 39. Pharmacology
  • Developmental Pharmacology
  • β-Adrenergic Agonists
  • Anticholinergics
  • Corticosteroids
  • Leukotriene Modifiers
  • Methylxanthines
  • Mast Cell Stabilizers
  • Magnesium Sulfate
  • Mucolytic and Hydrating Agents
  • Anesthetics
  • Aerosolized Antimicrobials
  • Antiviral Agents
  • Immunomodulators
  • Investigational Agents
  • Part 2. Thoracic Organ Transplant
  • 40. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
  • Heart Transplantation
  • Heart–Lung Transplantation
  • Lung Transplantation
  • Immunosuppressive Regimens
  • Complications
  • Survival and Quality of Life
  • Role of the Respiratory Therapist
  • Part 3. Transport and Home Care of Neonatal and Pediatric Patients
  • 41. Transport of Infants and Children
  • Team Composition
  • Modes of Transportation
  • Equipment
  • Patient Assessment and Stabilization
  • Advanced Transport
  • Safety of Transport
  • Accreditation
  • 42. Home Care
  • The Concepts of “Medical Home” and “Family-Centered Care”
  • Discharge Planning: The Decision to Go Home
  • Home Care Personnel and Community Resources
  • Oxygen Therapy at Home
  • Apnea–Bradycardia Monitors
  • Pulse Oximeters
  • A Child With a Tracheostomy
  • Mechanical Ventilation in the Home
  • A Successful Transition Home
  • Glossary
  • Index

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