Περιεχόμενα
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Part 1: Herbal Basics—The History, Terminology, and Unique Characteristics of Medicinal Herbs
1: The Ancient History and Modern Regulation of Medicinal Herbs
Abstract
Ancient Herbal History
Legitimization of Medicinal Herbs in the 20th Century
Rising Demand for Medicinal Herbs in the United States: Impact of Drug Prices on Herbal Popularity
2: The Herbal Niche in the Spectrum of Integrative Medicine
Abstract
Healing Approaches
Botanical Healing Terms
3: Medicinal Herb Preparations
Abstract
4: The Chemistry of Medicinal Herbs
Abstract
Glossary of Common and Important Plant Chemical Groups
5: Medicinal Herb Safety
Abstract
General Safety Considerations When Prescribing Medicinal Herbs
Reliable Commercial Sources for Medicinal Herbs
Medicinal Herb Precaution General Guidelines
Governmental Regulation of Herb Safety: United States Federal Drug Administration
American Nonprofit Organizations That Promote Herb Safety
6: Medicinal Herb Research
Abstract
Building a Data Pyramid
Expert Analysis and Guidelines: Evidence Rating Scales
Challenges in Evidence Building for Herbs
7: The Practical Use of Herbs for Common Primary Care Conditions—The Good, the Bad, and the Drugless
Abstract
The Good: Advantages of Herbal Medicine
The Bad: Disadvantages of Herbal Medicine
The Drugless: Thinking Like an Herbalist
Part 2: Disease Tables
Introduction
Introduction to the Disease Tables
Section I: System-Based Diseases
8: EENT Noninfectious Disorders
9: Pulmonary Disorders
10: Cardiovascular Disorders
11: Gastrointestinal Disorders
12: Nephrological and Urological Disorders
13: Women’s Breast and Genitourinary Disorders
14: Men’s Genitourinary Disorders
15: Musculoskeletal Disorders
16: Neurological Disorders
17: Psychiatric Disorders
18: DermatologicAL Disorders
Section II: Generalized Systemic Disorders
19: Endocrine Disorders
20: Disorders of Vitality
21: Immune System Disorders
22: Infectious Diseases
23: Hematology and Oncology
Part 3: Herbal Monographs with References
Introduction
How Herbs Were Selected for Inclusion
How to Prescribe Medicinal Herbs
Herbal Monographs (Listed by Common Names)
24: Aloe (Aloe vera, Aloe barbardensis): Leaf and Leaf Pulp
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Aloe Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
25: Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata): Whole Plant
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Andrographis Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
26: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera): Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Ashwagandha Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
27: Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus/propinquus): Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Astragalus Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
28: Bacopa (Bacopa monnieri): Leaf
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Bacopa Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
29: Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus): Fruit
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Bilberry Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
30: Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa/Cimicifuga racemosa): Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Black Cohosh Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
31: Black Seed/Nigella/Black Cumin (Nigella sativa): Seed
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Black Seed Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
32: Burdock (Arctium lappa): Roots and Seeds
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Burdock Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
33: Butterbur (Petasites hybridus): Leaf, Rhizome, Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Butterbur Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
34: Calendula (Calendula officinalis): Flower
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Calendula Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
35: Chamomile, German (Matricaria recutita/chamomilla) and Chamomile, Roman (Chamaemelum nobile): Flower
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Chamomile Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
36: Chasteberry/Chaste Tree/Vitex (Vitex agnus castus): Fruit
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human RESEARCH
Active Constituents
Chasteberry/Chaste Tree/Vitex Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
37: Coleus (Coleus forskohlii): Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Coleus Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
38: Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon): Fruit
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Cranberry Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
39: Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale): Leaf and Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Dandelion Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
40: Dong Quai (Angelica sinensis): Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Dong Quai Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
41: Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia): Leaf, Flower, Stem, Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Echinacea Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
42: Elderberry/Elder Berry and Flower (Sambucus nigra): Fruit and Flower
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Elder Berry/Flower Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
43: Eleuthero/Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus/Acanthopanax senticosus): Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Eleuthero/Siberian Ginseng Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage
Safety and Precaution
44: Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare): Seed, Leaf, Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Fennel Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
45: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): Seed
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Fenugreek Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
46: Frankincense/Boswellia (Boswellia serrata/sacra/carterii): Bark Resin
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Frankincense Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
47: Ginger (Zingiber officinale): Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and ANIMAL Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Ginger Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
48: Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba): Leaf
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Ginkgo Commmonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
49: Ginsengs: Asian/Korean/Chinese (Panax ginseng) and American (Panax quinquefolius): Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research: Asian Ginseng
Human Research: American Ginseng
Active Constituents: Asian Ginseng
Active Constituents: American Ginseng
Ginsengs Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution for the Ginsengs
Asian ginseng
American Ginseng
50: Goji Berry/Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum): Fruit
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Goji Berry Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
51: Gymnema/Gurmar (Gymnema sylvestre): Leaf
Abstract
General overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Gymnema/Gurmar Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
52: Gynostemma/Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum): Leaf
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Gynostemma/Jiaogulan Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
53: Hawthorn (Crataegus oxycantha, laevigata, and Several Other Species): Leaf, Flower, Fruit
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Hawthorn Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
54: Holy Basil/Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum/sanctum): Leaf
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Holy Basil Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
55: Hops/Hop (Humulus lupulus): Strobiles
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Hops Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
56: Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum): Seed
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Horse Chestnut Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
57: Horsetail (Equisetum arvense): Above-Ground Parts
Abstract
General Information
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Horsetail Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
58: Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis): Leaf
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Lemon Balm Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
59: Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Licorice Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
60: Maca (Lepidium meyenii): Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Maca Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
61: Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum): Seeds, Flower Heads
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Milk Thistle Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
62: Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca): Above-Ground Parts
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Motherwort Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
63: Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata): (Flowering Vine)
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Passionflower Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
64: Peppermint (Mentha piperita): Leaf
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Peppermint Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
65: Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea): Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Rhodiola Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
66: Saffron (Crocus sativus): Stigma, Petal
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Saffron Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
67: St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum): Flowering Buds and Tops
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
SJW Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
68: Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens): Fruit
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Saw Palmetto Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
69: Schisandra/Schizandra (Schisandra chinensis): Fruit
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Schisandra Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
70: Skullcap/Scullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis, Scutellaria lateriflora): Above-Ground Parts
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Skullcap Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
71: Stinging Nettle/Nettles/Nettle (Urtica dioica, Urtica urens): Leaf, Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Stinging Nettle Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
72: Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris): Fruit, Above-Ground Parts, Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Tribulus Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
73: Turmeric (Curcuma longa): Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Turmeric Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
74: Umckaloabo/South African Geranium (Pelargonium sidoides): Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Umckaloabo Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
75: UVA URSI/Bearberry/Kinnikinic/Bear Grape (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi): Leaf
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Uva-ursi Commonly Used Preparations and Dosages (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
76: Valerian (Valeriana officinalis): Root
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Valerian Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
77: Yarrow (Achillea millefolium): Flower, Leaf
Abstract
General Overview
In Vitro and Animal Research
Human Research
Active Constituents
Yarrow Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage (for Adults Unless Otherwise Specified)
Safety and Precaution
Appendix I: Medical and research abbreviations
Appendix II: Bibliography and additional resources
References
Additional resources
Index
