Preface Linda Cardozo and David Staskin
VOLUME ONE: CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES
SECTION 1: BACKGROUND ISSUES
Section Editor: Ian Milsom
1. History of Urogynecology and Female Urology
Jane A. Schulz and Harold P. Drutz
2 Tackling the stigma of incontinence
Angie Rantell
3 The epidemiology of Urinary Incontinence, other lower urinary tract symptoms, and Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Maria Gyhagen and Ian Milsom
4 Natural history and prevention of Urinary Incontinence and urogenital prolapse
Ifeoma Offiah, Chendrimada K. Madhu, Ruben Trochez, and Robert M. Freeman
5 A short history of surgery for Stress Urinary Incontinence
Dudley Robinson and Linda Cardozo
6 The history of surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Sören Lange and Heinz Kölbl
7 Medical error and patient safety in surgery
Roxane Gardner
8 Medicolegal issues in Urogynaecology
Swati Jha
SECTION 2: ROLE OF PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURES AND HEALTH ECONOMICS
Section Editor: Nikki Cotterill
9 Patient-Reported Outcomes: From development to utilization
Karin Coyne, Chris Sexton, and Alan Uren
10 Patient-Reported Outcome questionnaires to assess health-related Quality of Life and symptom impact
Victoria Kershaw, Thomas Gray, Swati Jha, and Stephen Radley
11 Patient-Reported Outcome questionnaires to screen and measure satisfaction, expectations, and goal achievement
Zoe S. Kopp, Christopher J. Evans, and Nathan A. Johnson
12 Questionnaires to assess sexual function
Claudine Domoney, Tara Symonds, and Raman Basra
13 Questionnaires to assess bowel function
Alison Hainsworth and Andrew Williams
14 International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire
Alan Uren, Nikki Cotterill and Paul Abrams
15 Electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaire (ePAQ) pelvic floor
Thomas Gray, Victoria Kershaw, and Stephen Radley
16 Questionnaires to assess Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Alka A. Bhide and Alex Digesu
17 Economic aspects of Urinary Incontinence
Marie-Aimée Perrouin-Verbe
SECTION 3: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE LOWER URINARY TRACT AND ANORECTAL TRACT IN WOMEN
Section Editor: Lori Birder
18 Anatomy
John O.L. DeLancey
19 Embryology of the female urogenital system and clinical applications
Dana Weiss and Stephen A. Zderic
20 Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for the female genitourinary system
Sara Anis and Anthony Atala
21 Physiology of micturition
Naoki Yoshimura, Pradeep Tyagi, and Michael B. Chancellor
22 Pharmacology of the bladder and emerging treatments
Karl-Erik Andersson
23 Classification of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in the female patient
David Staskin, Márcio A. Averbeck, and Alan J. Wein
24 Research horizons: Translational and in development
Christopher Fry
SECTION 4: DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF INCONTINENCE AND UROGENITAL PROLAPSE Section Editor: Dudley Robinson
25 History and examination
Vik Khullar and Visha Tailor
26 Bladder diary and symptom scores
Nikki Cotterill and Alan Uren
27 Pad tests
Marie-Andrée Harvey
28 Basic urodynamic tests: Uroflowmetry
Matthias Oelke
29 Basic urodynamic tests: Filling and voiding cystometry
Hashim Hashim and Andrew Gammie
30 Tests of urethral function
Niels Klarskov
31 Videourodynamics
Ilias Giarenis
32 Special urodynamic tests: Ambulatory urodynamics
Kevin L.J. Rademakers, Desiree M.J. Vrijens, and Gommert A. van Koeveringe
33 Basic neurological evaluation and referral
Melita Rotar, Jalesh N. Panicker, and David B. Vodušek
34 Imaging of the upper and lower urinary tract: Radiology
Andrea Tubaro, Riccardo Lombardo, and Antonio Carbone
35 Ultrasound in urogynecology: Lower genitourinary tract
Kamil Svabik
36 Magnetic Resonance Imaging in urogynecology
Elisabetta Costantini, Francesco Trama, and Ester Illiano
37 Cystoscopy and vesicoscopy
Paul A Moran, Jennifer Cole, and Tamsin Greenwell
38 Urinalysis and urine culture
Rajvinder Khasriya, Kiren Gill, and Alexandros Fanourgiakis
39 The urinary microbiome
Visha Tailor, Alka A. Bhide, and Vik Khullar
SECTION 5: CONSERVATIVE AND MINIMALLY INVASIVE THERAPIES
Section Editor: Eric Rovner
40 The role of the Continence Nurse
Angie Rantell
41 Behavioral therapies and management of Urinary Incontinence in women
Kathryn L. Burgio
42 Physiotherapy for urinary incontinence
Enrico Finazzi-Agrò, Donatella Giraudo, Simone Pletto, and Gianfranco Lamberti
43 Pessaries and devices: Nonsurgical treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Stress Urinary Incontinence
Joseph T. Kowalski and Catherine S. Bradley
44 Catheters, pads, and pants
Kevin Cwach and Eric Rovner
45 Drug treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in women
Ariana L. Smith and Alan J. Wein
46 Botulinum Toxin treatment of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity and Overactive Bladder
David Ginsberg, Rita Jen, and Unwanaobong Nseyo
47 Electrical stimulation and magnetic stimulation
Bary Berghmans
48 Peripheral neuromodulation
John Heesakkers and Frank Martens
49 Sacral neuromodulation in the treatment of female Overactive Bladder syndrome and nonobstructive urinary retention
Dora K. Jericevic, Benjamin Brucker, and Benoit Peyronnet
50 Nonsurgical transurethral radio frequency therapy, laser, and other interventions for the treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence
Elizabeth A. Rourke and Roger R. Dmochowski
51 Injectable bulking agents in the treatment of female Stress Urinary Incontinence
Elisabeth M. Sebesta, Brian J. Linder, Philip Wanzek, Deborah J. Lightner, and Roger R. Dmochowski
SECTION 6: ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
Section Editor: Philip Toozs-Hobson
52 The Overactive Bladder
Pedro Abreu Mendes and Francisco Cruz
53 Neurological disorders
Claire Hentzen and Jalesh N Panicker
54 Nonneurogenic voiding dysfunction and urinary retention
Felicity Reeves and Jeremy Ockrim
55 Pathophysiology of chronic pelvic pain
Athanasios E. Dellis, Athanasios G. Papatsoris, and Lazaros Tzelves
56 Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis
Ilias Liapis and Matthew Parsons
57 The urinary and vaginal microbiomes
Niels Frimodt-Møller, Karen Leth Nielsen, and Frederik Boetius Hertz
58 Bacterial cystitis in Urogynaecology: An update
Kate H. Moore, Zhuoran Chen, and Nèvine I.D. te West
59 Vaginitis
Jack D. Sobel
60 The impact of pregnancy and childbirth on the pelvic floor
Martino Maria Zacchè and Philip Toozs-Hobson
61 Problems associated with sexual activity
Anna Padoa, Tal Fligelman, and Roni Tomashev
62 Menopause
Elizabeth Stephenson and Timothy C. Hillard
63 Sports and fitness activities
Kari Bø
64 Anal incontinence
Alison Hainsworth and Andrew Williams
65 Constipation
Yvette Perston, Anil Bagul, Sarah Addison, and Simon Radley
66 Female Sexual Dysfunction
Maria Uloko and Irwin Goldstein
67 Multidisciplinary clinics: Urogynaecology, Colorectal, and Urology
Hayser Medina Lucena, Ivilina Pandeva, and Ashish Pradhan
Index
VOLUME TWO: SURGICAL PERSPECTIVES
SECTION 7: SURGERY FOR URINARY INCONTINENCE
Section Editor: Roger Dmochowski
68 How and why incontinence surgery works
Joshua Kent Calvert, Elizabeth Rourke, Mauricio Plata, Nicolas Fernandez, David James Osborn, and Roger Dmochowski
69 Peri- and postoperative care
George Araklitis, Sushma Srikrishna, and Linda Cardozo
70 Traditional surgery and other historical procedures for Stress Incontinence
Elisabeth Sebesta, Malcolm Lucas, Elizabeth Timbrook Brown, and Roger Dmochowski
71 Retropubic urethropexy
Dudley Robinson and Linda Cardozo
72 Fascial slings
Elizabeth A. Rourke, W. Stuart Reynolds, Aaron Brothers, David James Osborn, Roger R. Dmochowski and Melissa R. Kaufman
73 Retropubic mid urethral sling procedure for the treatment of Female Urinary Stress Incontinence
Steven Schraffordt
74 Transobturator tape for surgical treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence: Outside-in technique
Emmanuel Delorme
75 Single-incision minislings
Mickey Karram and Ahmed Abdelaziz
76 Readjustable slings: Safyre and Remeex
Paulo Palma, Cassio Riccetto, and Carlos Errando Smet
77 Artificial urinary sphincter for treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in women
Elizabeth A. Rourke, David Castro-Diaz, David Staskin, and Roger R. Dmochowski
78 Diagnosis and treatment of obstruction following incontinence surgery: Urethrolysis and other techniques
Elisabeth Sebesta, Melissa R Kaufman, W. Stuart Reynolds, Stephen Mock, and Roger R Dmochowski
79 Complications of stress urinary incontinence surgery
Véronique Phé and Emmanuel Chartier-Kastler
80 Mesh complications and their management
Antonin Prouza and Hashim Hashim
SECTION 8: SURGERY FOR UROGENITAL PROLAPSE
Section Editor: Peter Sand
81 Classification and epidemiology of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Steven E. Swift and Joel D. Winer
82 Anterior vaginal wall prolapse
Whitney K. Hendrickson and Matthew D. Barber
83 Enterocele
Kaven Baessler
84 Rectocele: Anatomic and functional repair
Olivia H. Chang, James H. Ross, and Marie Fidela R. Paraiso
85 Vaginal approach to apical suspension
Debjyoti Karmakar and Peter L Dwyer
86 Open abdominal approach to supporting the vaginal apex
Russell Stanley, T. Clark Powell, and Holly E. Richter
87 Uterine preservation and hysteropexy
Roger P. Goldberg and Nani P. Moss
88 Surgery for urogenital prolapse: Colpocleisis
Emilly Santos and G. Willy Davila
89 Biologic and synthetic grafts in reconstructive pelvic surgery
Katrina M. Knight, Brittany R. Egnot, William R. Barone, and Pamela A. Moalli
90 Complications of synthetic mesh used to repair Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Stress Urinary Incontinence
Rubin Raju, Ahmed Abdelaziz, Mickey Karram and John B. Gebhart
91 Management of the perineum, episiotomy, and perineal reconstruction
Oliver Daly
92 Primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries
Ruwan Fernando and Abdul H. Sultan
93 Surgery for fecal incontinence
Emanuela Silva-Alvarenga, Yasmin Zerhouni, and Steven D. Wexner
94 Rectal prolapse and other causes of defecatory dysfunction
Megan R. Routzong, Steven Abramowitch, and Ghazaleh Rostaminia
SECTION 9: LAPAROSCOPY AND ROBOTICS
Section Editor: Christian Phillips
95 Introduction: The role of laparoscopic surgery in Urogynecology
Christian Phillips
96 Abdominal and pelvic anatomy through the laparoscope
Fiona Reid
97 Training and accreditation in laparoscopic and robotic pelvic floor surgery
Shannon L Wallace, Karl Jallad, Alfred Cutner, and Marie Fidela R Paraiso
98 Laparoscopic colposuspension
Matthew Izett-Kay and Arvind Vashisht
99 Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy
Mugdha Kulkarni, Anna Rosamilia, and Marcus Carey
100 Laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy
Matthew Izett-Kay and Natalia Price
101 Prevention, recognition, and treatment of complications in laparoscopic pelvic floor surgery
Ellen Yeung and Christopher Maher
102 The role of robotic surgery
Daniel Galvin, Orfhlaith E. O’Sullivan, and Barry A. O’Reilly
103 Cost-effectiveness in laparoscopic and robotic surgery in Urogynecology
Karen Ward
104 New techniques in laparoscopic pelvic floor surgery
Stephen T. Jeffery and Khumbo T. Jere
SECTION 10: COMPLEX PROBLEMS
Section Editor: Victor Nitti
105 Diagnosis of urogenital fistula
Caroline A. Brandon, Ekene A. Enemchukwu, and Benjamin M. Brucker
106 Transvaginal repair of vesicovaginal fistula
Lori Jones and Nirit Rosenblum
107 Transabdominal vesicovaginal and vesicouterine fistula repair
Howard B. Goldman and Christopher F. Tenggardjaja
108 Management of obstetric urogenital fistula
Andrew Browning
109 Management of iatrogenic ureteral injury and ureterovaginal fistula
Elizabeth R. Mueller
110 Management of urethrovaginal fistula
Pansy Uberoi and Kathleen C Kobashi
111 Urethral diverticulum
Yu Zheng and Eric S. Rovner
112 Diagnosis and management of female urethral stricture disease
Dmitry Volkin and Victor W. Nitti
113 Bladder reconstruction and urinary diversion
Daniela Kaefer and Ja-Hong Kim
114 Gynaecological developmental abnormalities
Cara E Williams
115 Pediatric Urogynecology
Jennifer S. Singer, Angela M. Arlen, Tamara Grisales, and Andrew J. Kirsch
116 Female cosmetic genital surgery
Ö. Ferit Saraçoğlu
117 Gender-affirming surgery, care, and common complications
Christi Butler, Daniel Dugi, and Geolani W. Dy
APPENDIX: Standardised terminology for incontinence and pelvic floor dysfunction
Editor: Rufus Cartwright
Index
