-11%-11%
Availability: Άμεσα Διαθέσιμο

Adler’s Physiology of the Eye, 12th Edition

Leonard A Levin, Mary Elizabeth Hartnett, Paul L. Kaufman
ISBN: 9780323834063
ISBN: 9780323834063
Εκδόσεις:
Διαστάσεις 28 × 22 cm
Μορφή

Εκδόσεις

Ημ. Έκδοσης

Σελίδες

Έκδοση

Κύριος Συγγραφέας

, ,

Original price was: 124,00€.Η τρέχουσα τιμή είναι: 110,00€.(Περιλαμβάνεται ΦΠΑ 6%)

Διαθέσιμο - Προπαραγγελία|Διαθεσιμότητα: 11-14 ημέρες

Κατηγορία:

Περιγραφή

Written and designed to enhance your understanding of ocular function, structure, and anatomy, Adler’s Physiology of the Eye is a classic, best-selling text that makes critical information easier to learn and retain. The fully revised 12th Edition continues the successful Adler’s approach that connects basic science and clinical aspects in a user-friendly, highly visual format—ideal for study, review, and exam preparation. It captures the latest molecular, genetic, and biochemical discoveries and offers you unparalleled knowledge and insight into the physiology of the eye and its structures.
Key Features
  • Covers the full structure and function of the eye and its related anatomy and makes the connection between physiology and clinical practice.
  • Includes major updates throughout, including new information on OCT/OCTA imaging, new drug delivery methods, ocular biomechanics, and evolving gene therapies.
  • Organizes content by function, rather than anatomy, to help you make a stronger connection between physiological principles and clinical practice.
  • Explains the physiological principles that underlie visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ocular circulation, the extraocular muscles, and much more.
  • Features approximately 1,000 illustrations throughout, including medical artwork; schematics, charts, and graphs; clinical photographs; and more.
  • An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud. Any additional digital ancillary content may publish up to 6 weeks following the publication date.

Περιεχόμενα

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Any screen, Any time, Anywhere
Copyright
Dedication
Section Editors
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Video Table of Contents
Section 1: Focusing of an Image on the Retina
1. Optics
Abstract
The young eye
The image of the human adult eye
Visual acuity as log MAR
The aging eye
References
2. Optical Aberrations and Wavefront Sensing
Abstract
Optical aberrations
The impact of HOAs on vision
Treatments to alleviate the impact of HOAs
Wavefront sensing
References
3. Accommodation
Accommodation
The optical requirements for accommodation
Depth of field
Visual acuity
The anatomy of the accommodative apparatus
The mechanism of accommodation in the lens and eye
Accommodative optical changes in the lens and eye
The stimulus to accommodate
The pharmacology of accommodation
Measurement of accommodation
Presbyopia
Factors contributing to presbyopia
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Section 2: Physiology of Optical Media
4. Cornea and Sclera
Abstract
Cornea
Sclera
References
5. The Lens
Abstract
Introduction
The organization, development, and growth of the lens
Structural determinants of the transparent and refractive properties of the lens
Effect of changes in fiber cell junctions on regional differences in lens structure
Effects of regional differences in fiber cell morphology on lens transparency, optics, and biomechanics
Metabolic determinants of the transparent and refractive properties of the lens
Physiological determinants of the transparent and refractive properties of the lens
Effects of age on the transparent and refractive properties of the lens
Acknowledgments
References
6. Vitreous
Abstract
Biochemistry
Anatomy
Vitreous biophysics
Embryology and development
Vitreous aging
Physiology
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Section 3: Direction of Gaze
7. The Extraocular Muscles
Abstract
Introduction
The bony orbit
Extraocular muscle anatomy
Disorders of eye movements
Muscle diseases in which extraocular muscles are preferentially spared
Muscle diseases where extraocular muscles are preferentially involved
Conclusion
References
8. Neural Control of Eye Movements
Abstract
Introduction
Final common pathway
Premotor control of gaze redirection
Premotor control of gaze stabilization: the vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes
Interactions between eye movement subsystems
NEUROLOGIC disorders of the oculomotor system
References
9. Three-Dimensional Eye Movements: Kinematics, Control, and Perceptual Consequences
Abstract
Introduction
Three-dimensional ocular kinematics
Eye-in-head motion
Three-dimensional kinematics during head-unrestrained gaze shifts
Three-dimensional control mechanisms
Brainstem oculomotor coordinates
Higher-level transformations
The reference frame transformation
The two-dimensional to three-dimensional transformation
Perceptual consequences
Monocular consequences
Binocular consequences
Conclusions
References
Section 4: Nutrition of the Eye
10. Production and Flow of Aqueous Humor
Introduction
Structure of the ciliary body and ciliary epithelium
Aqueous humor composition
Regulation of aqueous humor formation
Aqueous humor drainage
Obstruction of outflow
Pharmacology and regulation of outflow
Summary
References
11. Ocular Circulation
Abstract
The vascular system of the eye
Oxygenation and blood flow of the retina
Techniques for measuring blood flow
Regulation of ocular blood flow
References
12. Metabolic Interactions Between Neurons and Glial Cells
Abstract
Retinal energy metabolism
Retinal oxygen distribution and consumption
The role of glycolysis underlying retinal function: from whole retina to its parts
Biochemical specialization of glial cells
Role of glycogen
Functional neuronal activity and division of metabolic labor
Cellular compartmentation of energy substrates other than glucose
Experimental models of retinal metabolism and function
Metabolic interactions between vertebrate photoreceptors and Müller glia
Metabolic interaction between photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial
Metabolic factors in the regulation of retinal blood flow
Metabolic pathway leading to nitric oxide release
Acknowledgments
References
13. The Function of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Abstract
Absorption of light
Transepithelial transport
Capacitive compensation of fast changes in the ion composition in the subretinal space
Visual cycle
Phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments
Secretion
Active immune barrier
References
Section 5: Protection of the Eye
14. Functions of the Orbit and Eyelids
Abstract
Orbital anatomy and function
Facial and eyelid anatomy and function
Eyelid musculature
References
15. Formation and Function of the Tear Film
Abstract
Tear film overview
Glycocalyx
Mucous production
Aqueous production
Lipid layer
REFERENCES
16. Sensory Innervation of the Eye
Abstract
Anatomy of ocular sensory nerves
Development, remodeling and regeneration of corneal innervation
Functional characteristics of ocular sensory innervation
Trophic effects of ocular primary sensory neurons
Morphologic and functional alterations of ocular sensory innervation by injury, inflammation, and aging
Sensations arising from the eye
References
17. Outward-Directed Transport
Abstract
Efflux transporters
Methods of studying transporters
Corneal outward transport
Blood-retinal barrier outward transport
Other ocular barriers
Transporter genetics and implications in ocular diseases
Pharmacologic impact of outward transport
Future aspects
References
Section 6: Photoreception
18. Biochemical Cascade of Phototransduction
Abstract
Overview
Location and compartmentalization of rods and cones
Dark-adapted rods
Comparison of cones and rods
Phototransduction and disease
What we don’t know
Where the field is headed
References
19. Photoresponses of Rods and Cones
Abstract
Photovoltage response to flashes
Photocurrent response to flashes
Modulation of the flash response by bicarbonate
Detection of single photons
Photocurrent response to steady light
Action spectra of rods and cones
CNG channel and sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger
Role of inner segment conductances
Summary
Acknowledgments
References
20. Light Adaptation in Photoreceptors
Abstract
Vision from starlight to sunlight
Performance of the photopic and scotopic divisions of the visual system
Light adaptation of the electrical responses of cones and rods
Molecular basis of photoreceptor light adaptation
Slow changes in rods: light adaptation or dark adaptation?
Dark adaptation of the rods: very slow recovery from bleaching
References
Section 7: Visual Processing in the Retina
21. The Synaptic Organization of the Retina
Abstract
Kinds of neurons
Basic synaptic communication
Networks
References
22. Signal Processing in the Outer Retina
Abstract
Introduction
Photoreceptors
Interplexiform cells
Horizontal cells
Bipolar cells
References
23. Visual Processing in the Inner Retina
Abstract
The players in the inner retina
The playing field
Example circuits
Conclusions
References
24. Electroretinogram
Abstract
Introduction
Generation of the electroretinogram
Noninvasive recording of the electroretinogram
Classical definition of components of the electroretinogram
Slow PIII, the c-wave, and other slow components of the direct-current (dc)- electroretinogram
Full-field dark-adapted (Ganzfeld) flash electroretinogram
Light-adapted, cone-driven electroretinograms
Multifocal electroretinogram
Closing comments
References
Section 8: Non-Perceptive Vision
25. Regulation of Light Through the Pupil
Abstract
The neuronal pathway of the pupil light reflex and near pupil response
Structure of the iris
Properties of light and their effect on pupil movement
Relative afferent pupillary defects
Efferent pupillary defects
References
26. Ganglion-Cell Photoreceptors
Abstract
Historical roots
Discovery of melanopsin and ganglion-cell photoreceptors
Distinctive functional properties of ipRGCs
Synaptic input
Synaptic output and physiologic functions
Development
References
Section 9: Visual Processing in the Brain
27. Overview of the Central Visual Pathways
Abstract
Targets of the retinal projections
Retinotopic pathways and visual field lesions
Acknowledgments
References
28. Optic Nerve
Abstract
Optic nerve anatomy
Optic nerve axon counts and dimensions
Microscopic anatomy and cytology
Blood supply
Optic nerve development
Optic nerve physiology
Optic nerve injury
Optic nerve repair
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
29. Processing in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Abstract
The lateral geniculate nucleus: the gateway to conscious visual perception
Lateral geniculate nucleus anatomy
Lateral geniculate nucleus development and cellular taxonomy
Lateral geniculate nucleus inputs
Lateral geniculate nucleus circuitry
Lateral geniculate nucleus outputs
Lateral geniculate nucleus receptive fields
Lateral geniculate nucleus map of visual space
Retinogeniculate transmission
Modulation of lateral geniculate nucleus activity
Conclusions
References
30. Primary Visual Cortex
Abstract
Overview
Visual inputs to V1 and local cortical circuits
Processing in V1: classical and extraclassical receptive fields, functional architecture, and long-range connections
Output streams from V1
Plasticity, learning and context-dependent processing in V1
When things go wrong
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
31. Extrastriate Visual Cortex
Abstract
Introduction to the extrastriate cortex
The ventral visual network
The dorsal visual network
Plasticity and rehabilitation
References
Section 10: Visual Perception
32. Visual Processing of Spatial Form
Abstract
Early visual mechanisms as feature detectors
Adaptation as a tool for understanding vision
Objects are defined by spatial changes in luminance, color, contrast, and texture
Sensitivity and receptive field size versus eccentricity
Suprathreshold vision and contrast constancy
The effect of disease on spatial vision
Summation and suppression of signals across space and feature
A distributed representation along the ventral stream
Conclusion
References
33. Visual Acuity
Abstract
Defining and specifying visual acuity
Limiting factors in visual acuity
Spatial vision with low contrast
References
34. Color Vision
Abstract
Molecular genetics of color vision and color deficiencies
Tests of color vision
Color appearance
Future directions
References
35. The Visual Field
Abstract
Introduction and historical background
The psychophysical basis for perimetry and visual field testing
The physiologic basis for perimetry
Common forms of perimetric testing
Detection of sensitivity loss and interpretation of results
Visual field loss patterns created by various pathologies
Patterns of visual field loss
Visual field interpretation guidelines
Assessing visual field progression
Alternative and new visual field test procedures
Tablets and virtual reality headsets
Artifactual visual field results
Conclusions
References
36. Binocular Vision
Abstract
Introduction
Why two eyes?
Mapping the two eye’s images into a single percept
Visual direction
Binocular eye movements
Normal retinal correspondence and the horopter
Panum’s fusional area
Binocular combination and binocular suppression in normal vision
Binocular (retinal) disparity and depth perception
Anomalies of binocular vision
Visual directions and the horopter in Anomalous binocular correspondence
Computation of binocular disparity in Anomalous binocular correspondence
Subclasses of anomalous correspondence and errors of perceived distance
Binocular fusion in Anomalous binocular correspondence
Anomalous sensory fusion mechanisms in Anomalous binocular correspondence
Anomalous motor fusion mechanisms in Anomalous binocular correspondence
Summary
Acknowledgments
References
37. Temporal Properties of Vision
Abstract
Temporal summation and the critical duration for single pulses of light (aperiodic stimuli)
Temporal sensitivity to periodic stimuli
Motion processing
Conclusion
References
Section 11: Development and Deprivation of Vision
38. Development of Vision in Infancy
Abstract
Methodologies for assessing infant vision and their interpretation
Hierarchy of visual processing
Motion
Binocular vision
Object-level processing
Summary
References
39. Development of Retinogeniculate Projections
Abstract
Formation of eye-specific territories
The optic chiasm is a crucial choice point in establishing RGC axon projections
Molecular mechanisms guiding the formation of eye-specific axonal territories
Retinogeniculate projections are refined during development
Activity-dependent refinement of retinogeniculate projections
What parameters of activity drive refinement?
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of RGC axon refinement
Beyond eye specificity
Summary
Acknowledgments
References
40. Developmental Visual Deprivation
Abstract
Introduction
Effects of early monocular form deprivation
Effects of early monocular defocus
Effects of early strabismus
Amblyopia
Summary
References
41. The Effects of Visual Deprivation After Infancy
Abstract
Introduction
Neuroanatomical development
The perceptual and neural effects of early vision loss
What are the mechanisms that underlie cross-modal plasticity?
Recovery of sight after early blindness
Late blindness
Sensory substitution
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Index

Σχετικά προϊόντα