Section 1. Traumatic Disorders
1. Physical Injury: Concepts and Terminology
Trauma to Synovial Joints
Trauma to Synchondroses (Growth Plates)
Trauma to Supporting Structures, Syndesmoses, and Entheses
Trauma to Skeletal Muscle
Traumatic Abuse of Children (Nonaccidental Trauma)
2. Physical Injury: Upper Extremity
Clavicle and Periclavicular Joints
3. Physical Injury: Pelvis and Hip
FRACTURES OF THE ACETABULUM
HIP DISLOCATION AND SUBLUXATION
FRACTURES OF THE PROXIMAL FEMUR
4. Physical Injury: Lower Extremity
TIBIAL AND FIBULAR DIAPHYSES
Section 2. Articular Disorders
5. Overview: Target Area Approach to Arthritis
RADIOGRAPHIC-PATHOLOGIC CORRELATION (Table 6.2)
COMPLICATIONS OF OSTEOARTHROSIS
OSTEOARTHROSIS IN SPECIFIC LOCATIONS
SPECIAL TYPES OF OSTEOARTHROSIS
7. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthropathies: Imaging and Pathologic Concepts
ABNORMALITIES AT SPECIFIC LOCATIONS
COEXISTENT OSSEOUS AND ARTICULAR DISEASE
IMAGING ASSESSMENT OF DISEASE DIAGNOSIS, EXTENT, AND PROGRESSION
9. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
RADIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES
OTHER DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES
SPECIAL TYPE OF JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS: ADULT-ONSET STILL DISEASE
10. Ankylosing Spondylitis
RADIOGRAPHIC-PATHOLOGIC CORRELATION
RADIOGRAPHIC AND PATHOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES AT SPECIFIC SITES
COEXISTENCE WITH OTHER DISORDERS
OTHER DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES
RADIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES
OTHER DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES
ADDITIONAL DISEASES OF SKIN AND JOINTS
12. Reactive and Enteropathic Arthropathies
RADIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES
OTHER DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES
ENTEROPATHIC ARTHROPATHIES
GENERAL PATHOLOGIC FEATURES
GENERAL RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
GENERAL ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FEATURES
GENERAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC FEATURES
GENERAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FEATURES
DISTRIBUTION OF ARTICULAR INVOLVEMENT
COEXISTENT ARTICULAR DISORDERS
SPECIAL TYPES OF GOUTY ARTHRITIS
14. Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition Disease
PATHOGENESIS OF CRYSTAL DEPOSITION AND SYNOVITIS
GENERAL PATHOLOGIC FEATURES
GENERAL RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
GENERAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FEATURES
GENERAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY IMAGING FEATURES
IMAGING FEATURES IN SPECIFIC ARTICULATIONS
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC CORRELATIONS
15. Calcium Hydroxyapatite Crystal Deposition Disease
PARAARTICULAR CRYSTAL DEPOSITION
INTRAARTICULAR CRYSTAL DEPOSITION
MIXED CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CRYSTAL DEPOSITION
16. Hemochromatosis and Wilson Disease
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
17. Alkaptonuria and Oxalosis
GENERAL CLINICAL FEATURES
GENERAL PATHOLOGIC FEATURES
GENERAL RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
18. Neuropathic Osteoarthropathy
GENERAL RADIOGRAPHIC AND PATHOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ABNORMALITIES
Section 3. Infectious Disorders
19. Osteomyelitis, Septic Arthritis, and Soft Tissue Infection: Mechanisms and Situations
20. Osteomyelitis, Septic Arthritis, and Soft Tissue Infection: Organisms
FUNGAL AND HIGHER BACTERIAL INFECTION
ADDITIONAL DISORDERS WITH A POSSIBLE INFECTIOUS CAUSE
Section 4. Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions
21. Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of Bone
Fundamental Concepts in the Evaluation of Osseous Lesions
Commonly Encountered Primary Bone Tumors
Undifferentiated Small Round Cell Sarcomas of Bone and Soft Tissue
22. Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of Soft Tissue
Approach to the Imaging Evaluation of Soft Tissue Masses
Commonly Encountered Tumors By Type
Section 5. Connective Tissue Disorders
23. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatic Fever
General Clinical Abnormalities
Musculoskeletal Abnormalities
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
24. Scleroderma and Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
Scleroderma or Systemic Sclerosis
Collagen Vascular Overlap Syndromes
25. Polyarteritis Nodosa and Other Vasculitides
Classification of Vasculitides
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Henoch-Schönlein (Anaphylactoid) Purpura
Section 6. Muscle, Nerve, and Soft Tissue Disorders
IMAGING OF PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS
27. Neuromuscular Disorders and Entrapment Neuropathies
GENERAL ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE
28. Soft Tissue Disorders
SOFT TISSUE CALCIFICATION AND OSSIFICATION
CONTRACTURES AND SOFT TISSUE BANDS
SPECIAL SYNDROMES OF SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE
Section 7. Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
Classification of Osteoporosis
30. Rickets and Osteomalacia
BIOCHEMISTRY OF VITAMIN D
STRUCTURAL PATHOANATOMY OF RICKETS AND OSTEOMALACIA
31. Parathyroid Disorders and Renal Osteodystrophy
PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM AND PSEUDO-PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM
32. Pituitary and Thyroid Disorders
RADIOGRAPHIC-PATHOLOGIC CORRELATION
IMAGING ASPECTS OF THERAPY
34. Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnancy, and Adrenal Disorders
ANOMALIES IN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS
DISORDERS AND COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY
OSTEITIS CONDENSANS OF THE CLAVICLE
Section 8. Disorders of the Hematopoietic System
35. Hemoglobinopathies and Other Anemias
SICKLE CELL–HEMOGLOBIN C DISEASE
SICKLE CELL–THALASSEMIA DISEASE
HEREDITARY ELLIPTOCYTOSIS
NONSPHEROCYTIC HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
36. Multiple Myeloma, Plasmacytoma, Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, and Amyloidosis
CLINICAL FEATURES AND DIAGNOSIS
WALDENSTRöM MACROGLOBULINEMIA
37. Lipid Storage Diseases, Histiocytic Disorders, and Hyperlipoproteinemias
LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS
MULTICENTRIC RETICULOHISTIOCYTOSIS
38. Leukemia, Lymphoma, Mastocytosis, and Myelofibrosis
Section 9. Miscellaneous Disorders
HISTOLOGIC-RADIOGRAPHIC CORRELATION
POSTTRAUMATIC OSTEONECROSIS
IDIOPATHIC (PRIMARY OR SPONTANEOUS) OSTEONECROSIS
DISORDERS CHARACTERIZED BY PRIMARY OR SECONDARY OSTEONECROSIS
DISORDERS RELATED TO TRAUMA OR ABNORMAL STRESS WITHOUT EVIDENCE OF OSTEONECROSIS
DISORDERS CAUSED BY VARIATIONS IN OSSIFICATION
43. Neurofibromatosis, Fibrous Dysplasia, and Tuberous Sclerosis
SUMMARY OF KEY FEATURES: Fibrous Dysplasia
SUMMARY OF KEY FEATURES: TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS
MUSCULOSKELETAL ABNORMALITIES
44. Bone Island, Hyperostosis, and Periostitis
MIXED SCLEROSING BONE DYSTROPHY
OTHER SCLEROSING BONE DYSTROPHIES AND DYSPLASIAS
HYPERTROPHIC OSTEOARTHROPATHY
Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis
Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna and Related Conditions
Other Hyperostotic Disorders
45. Osteolysis and Chondrolysis
46. Disorders Due To Medication and Radiation Therapy
DISORDERS RELATED TO MEDICATION
DISORDERS RELATED TO RADIATION THERAPY
47. Nutritional Disorders, Heavy Metal Disorders, and Thermal Injury
HEAVY METAL DISORDERS: POISONING AND DEFICIENCY
THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL INJURIES
48. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
CAUSE AND NATURAL HISTORY
49. Heritable Diseases of Connective Tissue, Epiphyseal Dysplasias, and Related Conditions
FIBRODYSPLASIA (MYOSITIS) OSSIFICANS PROGRESSIVA
MULTIPLE EPIPHYSEAL DYSPLASIAS
CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA
MACRODYSTROPHIA LIPOMATOSA
KLIPPEL-TRÉNAUNAY-WEBER SYNDROME
50. Osteochondrodysplasias, Dysostoses, Chromosomal Aberrations, Mucopolysaccharidoses, and Mucolipidoses
51. Spinal Anomalies and Curvatures
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE SPINE
52. Additional Congenital or Heritable Anomalies and Syndromes
AREAS OF NORMAL AND ANOMALOUS TRABECULAR DIMINUTION OR PROMINENCE
SKELETAL CANALS, APERTURES, AND FORAMINA
ACCESSORY OSSIFICATION CENTERS AND FRAGMENTED SESAMOID BONES
SKELETAL APLASIA AND HYPOPLASIA
MALSEGMENTATION AND FUSION
TORSION OF THE FEMUR AND TIBIA
MISCELLANEOUS SYNDROMES AND CONDITIONS
Section 10. Spinal Disorders
53. Traumatic Disorders of the Spine
CERVICAL SPINE: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
CERVICAL SPINE: CRANIOCERVICAL JUNCTION
CERVICAL SPINE: LOWER CERVICAL REGION
54. Degenerative Diseases of the Spine
MAJOR TYPES OF SPINAL ARTICULATIONS
MAJOR TYPES OF DEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF THE SPINE
COMPLICATIONS OF DEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF THE SPINE
55. Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis and Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Summary of Key Features: Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
Summary of Key Features: Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
DIFFUSE IDIOPATHIC SKELETAL HYPEROSTOSIS
RADIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES (Box 55.3).
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC COMPLICATIONS
OSSIFICATION OF THE POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Radiographic Abnormalities
RADIOGRAPHIC-PATHOLOGIC CORRELATION
SPECIAL TYPES OF SPINAL INFECTION
OTHER DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES
57. Advanced Imaging of Spinal Disorders
POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
Section 11. Internal Derangements of Joints
58. Internal Derangements of Joints: Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, and Hand
59. Internal Derangements of Joints: Pelvis and Hip
60. Internal Derangements of Joints: Knee, Ankle, and Foot
Section 12. Postoperative Imaging
61. Imaging After Surgery in Extraspinal Sites
ARTHRODESIS (JOINT FUSION)
62. Imaging After Spine Surgery
RESECTION: DISCECTOMY AND DECOMPRESSION
PERCUTANEOUS VERTEBRAL AUGMENTATION
MOTION-PRESERVING INSTRUMENTATION
COMPLICATIONS OF SPINAL SURGERY