Περιεχόμενα
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Title page
Copyright
Contents
Dedication
Section I Foundations of Respiratory Care
1 Early History of Respiratory Care
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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2 The Profession of Respiratory Care
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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3 Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
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4 Principles of Infection Prevention and Control
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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5 Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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6 Physical Principles of Respiratory Care
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
OBEY THE LAWS
TRY IT
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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7 E-Medicine in Respiratory Care
COMPUTERS IN HEALTH CARE
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8 Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research
HOW TO BE A RESEARCHER
Section II Applied Anatomy and Physiology
9 The Respiratory System
FETAL FACTS
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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10 The Cardiovascular System
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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11 Ventilation
PICTURE THIS
Questions
12 Gas Exchange and Transport
GAS EXCHANGE
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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13 Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes
WATER, WATER EVERYWHERE
ACID-BASE BASICS
ELECTRIFYING INFORMATION
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14 Acid-Base Balance
WHERE HAS ALL THE ACID GONE?
BALANCING ACT
THE METHOD
THE ANION GAP
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15 Regulation of Breathing
CONTROL OF BREATHING
AUTOMATIC PILOT
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF BREATHING
EXPERIMENT
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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Section III Assessment of Respiratory Disorders
16 Bedside Assessment of the Patient
PATIENT INTERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CARDIOPULMONARY DISEASE
MEDICAL HISTORY
VITAL INFORMATION
17 Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data
LAB TESTS
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18 Interpreting the Electrocardiogram
ANATOMY OF THE IMPULSE-CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF THE HEART
MAKING MEASUREMENTS
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19 Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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20 Pulmonary Function Testing
FIRST THINGS FIRST
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
INTERPRETATION FUNDAMENTALS
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21 Review of Thoracic Imaging
OVERVIEW
STEP-BY-STEP
ADVANCED CHEST IMAGING
IDENTIFYING ABNORMALITIES
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22 Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist
FLEXIBLE BRONCHOSCOPY
DIAGNOSTIC BRONCHOSCOPY
THERAPEUTIC BRONCHOSCOPY
THERMAL ABLATION OF THE ENDOBRONCHIAL LESION
BRONCHOSCOPIC INTERVENTIONS
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23 Nutrition Assessment
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS
MACRONUTRIENTS
INDIRECT CALORIMETRY
RESPIRATORY CONSEQUENCES
ENTERAL, PARENTERAL
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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Section IV Review of Cardiopulmonary Disease
24 Pneumonia
CLASSIFICATION AND PATHOGENESIS
MICROBIOLOGY
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
RISK FACTORS
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
THERAPY
PREVENTION
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25 Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Asthma, and Related Diseases
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
ASTHMA
BRONCHIECTASIS
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26 Interstitial Lung Disease
CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ILD
SPECIFIC TYPES OF ILD
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27 Pleural Diseases
THE PLEURAL SPACE
PLEURAL EFFUSIONS
PNEUMOTHORAX
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28 Pulmonary Vascular Disease
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
FINDING PE
ASSESS AND TEST
PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASE
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29 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
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30 Respiratory Management of Trauma, Obesity, Near Drowning, and Burns
LIFE-THREATENING TRAUMA
HEAD, NECK, AND UPPER AIRWAY INJURIES
OBESITY
NEAR DROWNING
BURNS
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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31 Acute Heart Failure
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACUTE HEART FAILURE
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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32 Lung Cancer
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
ROLE OF THE RESPIRATORY THERAPIST
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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33 Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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34 Disorders of Sleep
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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35 Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders
BABY BLUES
PEDIATRIC PROBLEMS
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Section V Basic Therapeutics
36 Airway Pharmacology
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
ADRENERGIC BRONCHODILATORS
ANTICHOLINERGIC BRONCHODILATORS
MUCUS CONTROLLING AGENTS
INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS
NONSTEROIDAL ANTIASTHMA DRUGS
TREATING INFECTION BY THE AEROSOL ROUTE
INFLUENZA
INHALED VASODILATORS
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37 Airway Management
SUCTIONING
ESTABLISHING THE ARTIFICIAL AIRWAY
INTUBATION PROCEDURES
TRACHEOTOMY
AIRWAY TRAUMA
CARE OF AN ARTIFICIAL AIRWAY
HUMIDIFICATION
CUFF CARE
TRACH CARE
AIRWAY EMERGENCIES
EXTUBATION AND DECANNULATION
AIRWAY ALTERNATIVES
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38 Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support
CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF SUDDEN DEATH
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
DEFIBRILLATION
YES, BUT IS IT GOOD CPR?
FOREIGN BODIES
ADVANCED CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT
DRUG THERAPY
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39 Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
CALCULATIONS
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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40 Aerosol Drug Therapy
CHARACTERISTICS OF THERAPEUTIC AEROSOLS
HAZARDS OF AEROSOL THERAPY
AEROSOL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
INTUBATED PATIENTS
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41 Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases
Characteristics
Equipment
CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDICAL GASES
STORING MEDICAL GASES
FILLING CYLINDERS
BULK OXYGEN
SAFETY SYSTEMS
REGULATION PRESSURE AND FLOW
MEASURING CYLINDER CONTENTS
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42 Medical Gas Therapy
OXYGEN THERAPY
PRECAUTIONS AND HAZARDS OF SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN THERAPY
OXYGEN DELIVERY SYSTEMS
LOW FLOW
RESERVOIR
HIGH-FLOW
HIGH-FLOW SYSTEMS AND HYPOXEMIA
HYPERBARIC OXYGEN
OTHER GASES
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43 Lung Expansion Therapy
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
LUNG EXPANSION THERAPY
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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44 Airway Clearance Therapy
AIRWAY CLEARANCE
DISEASE AND BAD CLEARANCE
SECRETION MANAGEMENT: GOALS AND INDICATIONS
BRONCHIAL HYGIENE METHODS
Coughing and Related Expulsion Techniques
Positive Airway Pressure
High-Frequency Compression/Oscillation of the Chest Wall
Mobilization and Exercise
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Section VI Acute and Critical Care
45 Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support
RESPIRATORY FAILURE
ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE
INDICATIONS FOR VENTILATORY SUPPORT
ASSESSMENT OF FATIGUE
STRATEGIES
INVASIVE VENTILATORY SUPPORT
SPECIAL CASES
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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46 Mechanical Ventilators
HOW VENTILATORS WORK
VENTILATOR DISPLAYS AND ALARM SETTINGS
IDENTIFYING MODES OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION
TYPES OF VENTILATORS
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47 Physiology of Ventilatory Support
PRESSURE AND PRESSURE GRADIENTS
EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION
Ventilation
Acid-Base Balance
Oxygenation
LUNG MECHANICS
Work of Breathing
PULMONARY EFFECTS OF POSITIVE PRESSURE MECHANICAL VENTILATION
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF VENTILATORY MODES
Patient Positioning to Optimize Oxygenation and Ventilation
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF POSITIVE PRESSURE MECHANICAL VENTILATION
COMPLICATIONS OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
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48 Patient-Ventilator Interaction
Effect of poor patient-ventilator interaction on outcome
Variables controlled during mechanical ventilation
Types of Asynchrony
Food for Thought
49 Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support
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50 Noninvasive Ventilation
INDICATIONS FOR NONINVASIVE VENTILATION
SELECTING APPROPRIATE PATIENTS FOR NONINVASIVE VENTILATION
EQUIPMENT USED FOR NONINVASIVE VENTILATION
Types of Mechanical Ventilators and Modes of Ventilation
MANAGEMENT OF NONINVASIVE VENTILATION
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51 Extracorporeal Life Support
Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS)
ECMO EQUIPMENT
ANTICOAGULATION MANAGEMENT ON ECMO
TYPES OF SUPPORT
WEANING AND DECANNULATION FROM ECMO
SUMMARY CHECKLIST
Food for Thought
52 Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit
PRINCIPLES OF MONITORING
Monitoring Oxygenation
Monitoring Ventilation
MONITORING LUNG AND CHEST WALL MECHANICS
Monitoring Breathing Effort and Patterns
MONITORING THE PATIENT–VENTILATOR SYSTEM
CARDIAC AND CARDIOVASCULAR MONITORING
NEUROLOGIC MONITORING
MONITORING RENAL AND LIVER FUNCTION
NUTRITIONAL MONITORING
TROUBLESHOOTING
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53 Discontinuing Ventilatory Support
REASONS FOR VENTILATOR DEPENDENCE
PATIENT EVALUATION
WEANING METHODS
NEWER TECHNIQUES FOR FACILITATING VENTILATOR DISCONTINUANCE
MONITORING THE PATIENT DURING WEANING
EXTUBATION
VENTILATOR DISCONTINUANCE FAILURE
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
54 Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care
FETAL ASSESSMENT
NEWBORN ASSESSMENT
ASSESSING THE NEWBORN
RESPIRATORY CARE TECHNIQUES
AIRWAY MANAGEMENT
CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE
HIGH-FLOW NASAL CANNULA
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
HIGH-FREQUENCY VENTILATION
SPECIALTY GASES
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Section VII Patient Education and Long-Term Care
55 Patient Education and Health Promotion
PATIENT EDUCATION
Teaching Children, Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults
Evaluation
HEALTH EDUCATION
HEALTH PROMOTION AND CHRONIC DISEASE MANAGEMENT
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
56 Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation
DEFINITIONS AND GOALS
SCIENTIFIC BASIS
STRUCTURE OF A PULMONARY REHABILITATION PROGRAM
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57 Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings
MORE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS
RELEVANT TERMS AND GOALS
STANDARDS
DISCHARGE PLANNING
OXYGEN THERAPY
VENTILATORY SUPPORT IN ALTERNATIVE SETTINGS
OTHER MODES OF POSTACUTE VENTILATION IN ALTERNATIVE SITES
PATIENT ASSESSMENT AND DOCUMENTATION
EQUIPMENT DISINFECTION AND MAINTENANCE
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58 Ethics and End of Life
MEET THE OBJECTIVES
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