Chapter 1: Structure of Chromosomes and Nucleic Acids
Chapter 2: DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation
Chapter 3: Gene Mutations
SECTION 2: COMMON TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSIS OF ALTERATIONS IN CHROMOSOMES AND DNA
Chapter 4: Cytogenetics and FISH
Chapter 5: Chromosomal Microarray
Chapter 6: Amplification Methods
Chapter 7: DNA High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis
Chapter 8: Sequencing Technologies
Chapter 9: High-Throughput Methods in Molecular Pathology
Chapter 10: DNA Methylation Analysis
SECTION 3: MOLECULAR GENETIC TESTS IN HEMATOPOIETIC TUMORS
Chapter 11: BCR::ABL1 Fusion
Chapter 12: PML::RARA Fusion
Chapter 13: Reverse Transcription PCR for Myeloid Leukemia Transcripts
Chapter 14: FLT3, NPM1, and CEBPA Mutations
Chapter 15: JAK2 Mutations and Rearrangements
Chapter 16: MPL Mutations
Chapter 17: Calreticulin (CALR) Mutations
Chapter 18: CSF3R Mutations
Chapter 19: SETBP1 Mutations
Chapter 20: KIT Mutations
Chapter 21: IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations
Chapter 22: Other Mutations and Gene Panel Testing in Myeloid Neoplasms
Chapter 23: Immunoglobulin Heavy (IGH) Chain Gene Rearrangements
Chapter 24: T-Cell Receptor Gamma (TRG) and Delta (TRD) Chain Rearrangements
Chapter 25: T-Cell Receptor Beta (TRB) Chain Gene Rearrangements
Chapter 26: Southern Blot Analysis of Antigen Receptor Genes
Chapter 27: EBV-Associated Human Neoplasms
Chapter 28: MYD88 Mutation
Chapter 29: NOTCH1 Mutation
Chapter 30: EZH2 Mutation
SECTION 4: MOLECULAR GENETIC TESTS IN SOLID TUMORS, BONE AND SOFT TISSUE TUMORS, AND CNS TUMORS
Chapter 31: ALK Rearrangements and Mutations
Chapter 32: ROS1 Rearrangements
Chapter 33: RET Rearrangements
Chapter 34: FISH for MET Amplifications
Chapter 35: FISH for ERBB2 (HER2) Amplifications
Chapter 36: KRAS Mutations
Chapter 37: BRAF Mutations
Chapter 38: EGFR Mutations
Chapter 39: Targeted Hotspot Gene Panel Using Massively Parallel Sequencing (Next-Generation Sequencing)
Chapter 40: Targeted Hotspot Gene Panel Table
Chapter 41: MGMT Promoter Gene Methylation Assay
SECTION 5: MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF MYELOID NEOPLASMS
Chapter 42: Molecular Work-Up of Myeloid Neoplasms
MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS
Chapter 43: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR::ABL1-Positive
Chapter 44: Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia
Chapter 45: Polycythemia Vera
Chapter 46: Primary Myelofibrosis
Chapter 47: Essential Thrombocythemia
Chapter 48: Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia, NOS
Chapter 49: Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, Unclassifiable
MYELOID/LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS WITH EOSINOPHILIA AND GENE REARRANGEMENT
Chapter 51: Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms With Eosinophilia and Tyrosine Kinase Gene Fusions
PREMALIGNANT CLONAL HEMATOPOIESIS AND CYTOPENIAS
Chapter 52: VEXAS Syndrome
Chapter 53: Clonal Hematopoiesis and Premalignant Clonal Cytopenia
MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME (MDS)
Chapter 54: Overview and Classification of Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Chapter 55: Myelodysplastic Syndrome With Mutated SF3B1
Chapter 56: Myelodysplastic Syndrome, NOS
Chapter 57: Myelodysplastic Syndrome With del(5q)
Chapter 58: Myelodysplastic Syndrome With TP53 Multihit Mutations
Chapter 59: Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Chapter 60: Pediatric Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Refractory Cytopenia of Childhood
MYELODYSPLASTIC/MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS
Chapter 61: Overview of Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Chapter 62: Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Chapter 63: Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Chapter 64: Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Chapter 65: Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, NOS
Chapter 66: Overview of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Chapter 67: Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(8;21)/RUNX1::RUNX1T1
Chapter 68: Acute Myeloid Leukemia With inv(16) or t(16;16)/CBFB::MYH11
Chapter 69: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia With t(15;17)/PML::RARA
Chapter 70: Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(9;11)/MLLT3::KMT2A
Chapter 71: Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(6:9)/DEK::NUP214
Chapter 72: Acute Myeloid Leukemia With inv(3) or t(3;3)/GATA2; MECOM
Chapter 73: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Megakaryoblastic) With t(1;22)/RBM15::MRTFA
Chapter 74: Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Myelodysplasia-Related Gene Mutations or Cytogenetic Abnormalities
Chapter 75: Acute Myeloid Leukemia, NOS
Chapter 76: Myeloid Sarcoma
Chapter 77: Myeloid Proliferations Associated With Down Syndrome
BLASTIC PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELL NEOPLASM
Chapter 78: Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm
SECTION 6: MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS
Chapter 79: Overview of Lymphoid Neoplasms
Chapter 80: Molecular Work-Up of Lymphoid Neoplasms
DETERMINATION OF CLONALITY IN B-, T-, AND NK-CELL NEOPLASMS
Chapter 81: Lymphoma-Associated Chromosomal Translocations
PRECURSOR LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS
Chapter 82: B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma With Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities
Chapter 83: B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma, BCR::ABL1-Like (Ph-Like ALL)
Chapter 84: T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma
Chapter 85: Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma/Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Chapter 86: B-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia
Chapter 87: Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Chapter 88: Hairy Cell Leukemia
Chapter 89: Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia, Unclassifiable
Chapter 90: Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma
Chapter 91: Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
Chapter 92: Multiple Myeloma (Plasma Cell Myeloma)
Chapter 93: Follicular Lymphoma
Chapter 94: Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Chapter 95: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Chapter 96: Burkitt Lymphoma
MATURE T- AND NK-CELL NEOPLASMS
Chapter 97: T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia
Chapter 98: Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorder of NK Cells
Chapter 99: Aggressive NK-Cell Leukemia
Chapter 100: Extranodal NK-/T-Cell Lymphoma
Chapter 101: Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
Chapter 102: Intestinal T-Cell Lymphoma
Chapter 103: Hepatosplenic T-Cell Lymphoma
Chapter 104: Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma
Chapter 105: Mycosis Fungoides/Sézary Syndrome
Chapter 106: Primary Cutaneous CD30-Positive T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 107: Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, NOS
Chapter 108: Nodal Follicular Helper T-Cell Lymphoma
Chapter 109: Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, ALK-Negative
Chapter 110: Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, ALK-Positive
SECTION 7: MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF DENDRITIC CELL AND HISTIOCYTIC NEOPLASMS
Chapter 111: Histiocytic Sarcoma
Chapter 112: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Chapter 113: Interdigitating Dendritic Cell Sarcoma
Chapter 114: Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma
SECTION 8: MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF SOLID TUMORS
HEAD AND NECK, INCLUDING SINONASAL TUMORS AND SALIVARY GLANDS
Chapter 115: HPV-Associated Head and Neck Carcinomas
Chapter 116: Head and Neck Mucosal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Non-HPV Related
Chapter 117: Important Alterations in Non-HPV-Related Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Chapter 118: Translocation-Specific Salivary Gland Tumors
Chapter 119: Translocation-Specific Salivary Gland Tumors (Continued)
Chapter 120: Nasopharyngeal EBV-Related Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Chapter 121: Other Head and Neck Tumors
Chapter 122: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Chapter 123: Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Chapter 124: Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Chapter 125: Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Chapter 126: Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Chapter 127: Adenocarcinoma, Lung
Chapter 128: Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Lung
Chapter 129: Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Chapter 130: Mesothelioma
LUMINAL GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Chapter 131: Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Chapter 132: Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and Precancerous Lesions
Chapter 133: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Chapter 134: HNF1A-Inactivated Hepatocellular Adenoma
Chapter 135: β-Catenin-Activated Hepatocellular Adenoma
Chapter 136: Inflammatory Hepatocellular Adenoma
Chapter 137: Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Chapter 138: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Chapter 139: Pancreatic Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm
Chapter 140: Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm
Chapter 141: Cholangiocarcinoma
Chapter 142: Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Chapter 143: Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Chapter 144: Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma
Chapter 145: Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
Chapter 146: TFE3-Rearranged and TFEB-Altered Renal Cell Carcinomas
Chapter 148: Clear Cell Sarcoma of Kidney
Chapter 150: Rhabdoid Tumor of Kidney
Chapter 151: Urothelial Carcinoma
Chapter 152: Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma
Chapter 153: Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma
Chapter 154: Neuroblastoma
Chapter 155: Adrenal Cortical Adenoma
Chapter 156: Prostatic Adenocarcinoma, Acinar Type and High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Chapter 157: ADH and DCIS (Dysplastic, Premalignant)
Chapter 158: Ductal Carcinomas
Chapter 159: Lobular Carcinoma
Chapter 160: Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of No Special Type With Medullary Features
Chapter 161: Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma
Chapter 162: Phyllodes Tumors
Chapter 163: Basal-Like and Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas
Chapter 164: Preneoplastic Conditions, Cervix/Vulva/Vagina
Chapter 165: Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Cervix/Vulva/Vagina
Chapter 166: Adenocarcinoma, Cervix/Vulva/Vagina
Chapter 167: Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Chapter 168: Uterine Endometrioid Carcinoma
Chapter 169: Uterine Serous Carcinoma
Chapter 170: Clear Cell Carcinoma, Uterus
Chapter 171: Uterine Sarcomas
Chapter 172: Serous Tumors of Ovary and Fallopian Tube
Chapter 173: Other Surface Epithelial Tumors of Ovary
Chapter 174: Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors of Ovary
Chapter 175: Germ Cell Tumor, Ovary
Chapter 176: Premalignant Conditions, Skin
Chapter 178: Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Skin
Chapter 179: Basal Cell Carcinoma, Skin
Chapter 180: Sebaceous Tumors
Chapter 181: Dermatofibroma and Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Chapter 182: Overview of Molecular Pathology of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors
Chapter 183: Osteosarcomas
Chapter 184: Ewing Sarcoma
Chapter 185: Other Small Round Blue Cell Sarcomas
Chapter 186: Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Chapter 187: Intermediate and Malignant Cartilaginous Tumors of Bone
Chapter 188: Intermediate and Malignant Myofibroblastic/Fibroblastic Tumors
Chapter 189: Liposarcomas
Chapter 190: Muscle Sarcomas
Chapter 191: Intermediate and Malignant Vascular Tumors
Chapter 192: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Chapter 193: Representative Genetic Findings in Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors
SARCOMAS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION
Chapter 194: Rare Sarcomas of Uncertain Differentiation With Specific Molecular Alterations
Chapter 195: Rare Sarcomas of Uncertain Differentiation With Specific Molecular Alterations (Continued)
Chapter 196: Glioblastoma, IDH Wildtype
Chapter 197: Astrocytoma, IDH-Mutant
Chapter 198: Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Chapter 199: Oligodendroglioma, IDH Mutant, and 1p/19q Codeleted
Chapter 200: Ependymal Tumors
Chapter 201: Medulloblastoma
Chapter 202: Choroid Plexus Tumors
Chapter 204: Retinoblastoma
SECTION 9: QUALITY ASSURANCE AND REGULATORY ISSUES
Chapter 205: Federal Agencies and Regulation of Laboratories
Chapter 206: FDA Regulations
Chapter 207: Proficiency Testing and Accreditation