Preface
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 Anatomy and Physiology
The Respiratory System
The Upper Respiratory Tract
The Lower Respiratory Tract
Larynx
The Trachea
Bronchial Tree
Blood Supply
Respiration
Pulmonary Ventilation
Work of Breathing
Volumes and Capacities
Control of Breathing
External Respiration
Ventilation and Perfusion
Transportation of Gases
Transportation of Carbon Dioxide
Acid–Base Balance
Internal Respiration
Conclusion
References
Glossary of Terms
MCQs
Chapter 2 Respiratory Assessment
Airway Obstruction
Rapid Breathing Assessment
Objective and Subjective Data
Vital signs
Assessing Respirations
Oxygen Saturations
The Patient History
Cough
The Physical Examination
Interpretation of the Findings
Conclusion
References
Glossary of Terms
MCQs
Chapter 3 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Clinical Presentation
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis
Management
Health Teaching
Conclusion
References
Glossary of terms
MCQs
Chapter 4 Asthma
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Asthma
Asthma Triggers
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Clinical Presentation
Clinical investigations and diagnosis
Management
Status Asthmaticus
Health Teaching
Spacers (Aerosol Holding Chambers)
Conclusion
References
Glossary of terms
MCQs
Chapter 5 Pneumonia
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Pneumonia
Community Acquired Pneumonia
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Clinical Presentation
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis
Management
Risk Stratification
Supportive Measures
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
Nebulisers
Advising Patients on Nebuliser Use
Care Provision
Health Teaching
Conclusion
References
Glossary of Terms
MCQs
Chapter 6 Lung Cancer
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Lung Cancer
Small-cell Lung Carcinoma and Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Clinical Presentation
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis
Staging and Grading
TNM Staging
Management
Rapid Diagnostic Centres
Surgery
Radiation Therapy with Curative Intent
Palliative Radiation Treatment
Chemotherapy, Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy
Laser therapy, Cryotherapy and Tracheobronchial Stents
Palliative Care
Health Teaching
Conclusion
References
Glossary of Terms
MCQs
Chapter 7 Tuberculosis
Notifiable Diseases
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Tuberculosis
Aetiology of TB
Stages or Forms of TB
Primary TB Infection
Latent TB
Active TB Disease
Reactivation of TB
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Clinical Presentation
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis
Management
Health Teaching
BCG Immunisation Programme
Conclusion
References
Glossary of Terms
MCQs
Chapter 8 Pulmonary Embolism
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Venous Thromboembolism
Virchow’s Triad
Thrombogenesis
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Pulmonary Embolism
Prognosis
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Clinical Presentation
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis
Management
Urgent Care
General Management
Anticoagulants
Health Teaching
Conclusion
References
Glossary of Terms
MCQs
MCQ Answers
Index
