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Atopic Dermatitis: Inside Out or Outside In, 1st Edition

ISBN: 9780323847445
ISBN: 9780323847445
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Διαθέσιμο - Προπαραγγελία|Διαθεσιμότητα: 11-14 ημέρες

Περιγραφή

Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is one of the most common and most challenging skin conditions, for patients and practitioners alike. Uniquely organized by intrinsic and extrinsic etiologies, Atopic Dermatitis: Inside Out or Outside In? examines a myriad of causes that start from both the inside of the body and from the external environment, offering physicians practical ways to design treatments that specifically address these causes. Drs. Lawrence S. Chan and Vivian Y. Shi, along with a team of expert contributing authors, examine the etiology of this complex disorder and provide targeted, comprehensive solutions and the most useful therapeutic plans based on pathophysiology, including evidence-based integrative management.
Key Features
    • Analyzes the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis from two distinct fronts: inside out and outside in—an approach that is unique in the field.
    • Begins with an overview of the disease, then delves into both internal and external pathogenic factors, followed by the Clinician’s Corner, which offers practical recommendations for treatment.
    • Organizes therapeutic discussions by corresponding pathophysiology rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.
    • Covers recently FDA-approved and emerging medications, as well as atopic comorbidities.
    • Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Author Information
Edited by Lawrence S Chan, MD., MHA, Dr. Orville J Stone Endowed Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Captain James Lovel Federal Health Care Centre, North Chicago, IL, USA and Vivian Y. Shi, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.A.

Περιεχόμενα

  • Cover image
  • Title page
  • Table of Contents
  • Any screen, Any time, Anywhere
  • Copyright
  • Contributors
  • Preface
  • Foreword
  • Acknowledgment
  • Section I: A History of Atopy
  • 1. Historic Perspective
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Ancient history and middle ages, through the 18th century
  • The 19th century
  • The 20th century
  • Historical approaches to the treatment of eczema
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 2. Atopy Redefined
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Clear definition of atopic dermatitis
  • Childhood-onset versus adult-onset subsets
  • Intrinsic versus extrinsic subsets
  • Filaggrin-defect versus filaggrin-intact subsets
  • Nonuniform clinical responses to immune modulatory therapeutics
  • Future directions
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 3. Atopy of the Skin
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Atopy of the skin under the microscope: histopathology
  • A bird’s-eye view of the atopic skin surface
  • A bird’s-eye view of the atopic physiology
  • A bird’s-eye view of the atopic immune deviation
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 4. Epidemiology
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Prevalence, distribution, and generally recognized factors
  • Genetics as a controlling factor
  • Socioeconomic burden perspectives
  • The factor of barriers to care
  • Psychosocial burden: physical health, mental health, and quality of life
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • Section II: External Factors
  • 5. Skin Barrier
  • Introduction
  • The compromised skin barrier in atopic dermatitis
  • Summary
  • Further reading
  • References
  • 6. Skin and Gut Microbiome
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Microbiome
  • Skin dysbiosis
  • Risk factors of skin dysbiosis
  • Bacterial composition
  • Importance of Staphylococcus aureus
  • Other factors
  • Gut dysbiosis
  • Establishment of the gut microbiome
  • Gut and the immune system
  • Gut dysbiosis and atopic dermatitis
  • Leaky gut
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 7. Immunogens
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Immunogens, outside in and inside out
  • Irritant contact dermatitis–related immunogens
  • ICD in patients with AD
  • Pathogenesis of ICD in AD
  • Risk factors
  • Diagnosis
  • Management
  • Allergic contact dermatitis–related immunogens
  • ACD pathogenesis
  • ACD in patients with AD
  • Identifying the need to patch test patients with AD
  • Patch testing patients with AD
  • Management of ACD in patients with AD
  • Immediate hypersensitivity reactions
  • Approach to the patient with AD and ICD or ACD
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 8. Nutrition
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Diet and the risk of AD development
  • Diet and existing AD
  • Micronutrients
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 9. Oxidative Stress, Environmental Factors, and Pollutants
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • General mechanism of pollution-induced barrier dysfunction
  • Cigarette smoke
  • Particulate matter
  • Volatile organic compounds
  • Traffic-related air pollution
  • Solutions
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 10. Clinical Evidence: External Factors
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Staphylococcus aureus colonization
  • Skin infection
  • Allergic contact dermatitis
  • Environmental pollution
  • Evidence from atopic march
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • Section III: Internal Factors
  • 11. Keratinocytes
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Keratinocyte: Roles in skin structure and integrity
  • Roles in epidermal structure
  • Roles in barrier proteins: Stratum corneum
  • Roles in barrier proteins: Epidermal tight junction
  • Roles in epidermal-dermal adhesion
  • Keratinocyte: Roles in cutaneous sensation
  • Keratinocyte: Role in wound healing
  • Keratinocyte: Roles in immune regulation
  • Role in innate immune responses
  • Role in adaptive immune responses
  • Keratinocyte’s barrier proteins: Impacts of IL4 and other Th2 cytokines
  • Th2 cytokines and keratinocyte’s physical barrier proteins
  • IL4 suppresses involucrin mRNA and protein production
  • IL4 downregulates loricrin mRNA and protein levels
  • Combined IL4/IL13 reduces filaggrin expression
  • IL4 abrogates stratum corneum cohesion
  • IL13 suppresses skin basement membrane proteins type IV collagen and integrin-α6
  • IL4/IL13/IL31 trio cytokines reduce tight junction protein claudin-1
  • Th2 cytokines and keratinocyte’s immune barrier proteins
  • IL4 and keratinocyte’s inflammatory protein production
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 12. Microvasculature
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Cutaneous blood vessels: Structures
  • Cutaneous blood vessels: Functions
  • Cutaneous blood vessels: Roles in atopic dermatitis
  • Cutaneous blood vessels in the keratin-14/IL4 transgenic mice
  • Cutaneous blood vessels in human patients of atopic dermatitis
  • Cutaneous lymphatic vessels: Structures
  • Cutaneous lymphatic vessels: Functions
  • Cutaneous lymphatic vessels: Roles in atopic dermatitis
  • Cutaneous lymphatic vessels in the keratin-14/IL4 transgenic mice
  • Summary
  • Further Reading
  • References
  • 13. Humoral Factors
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • IgE antibodies in atopic dermatitis
  • Cytokines in atopic dermatitis: An overview
  • Cytokine effects on phenotypes of AD
  • Cytokines: Detail analysis
  • Chemokines
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 14. Cellular Factors
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Antigen presenting cells
  • Dendritic cells
  • Langerhans cells
  • B cells
  • T cells
  • Inflammatory Th2 and Th22 cells
  • Th1 and Th17 cells
  • T follicular helper cells
  • Regulatory T cells
  • Autoreactive T cells
  • Mast cells
  • Basophils
  • Eosinophils
  • ILC2
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 15. Skin-Gut-Lung Epithelial Permeability
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Skin permeability
  • Lipid alterations
  • Filaggrin deficiency
  • Tight junction defects
  • Proteases
  • Itch and scratch
  • Skin microbiome alteration
  • Gut permeability
  • Gut barrier defects
  • Food allergy
  • Gut microbiome alteration
  • Lung permeability
  • Lung epithelium defects
  • Lung epithelium junctional defects
  • Airway microbiome alteration
  • The skin-gut-lung model
  • A compromised barrier promotes a hyperactive immune system
  • “Chicken or the egg” conundrum
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 16. Neurosensory Mechanisms
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Prevalence of itch and pain in atopic dermatitis
  • Pathogenesis of itch in atopic dermatitis and neuronal sensitization
  • Itch mediators in the skin and neuronal sensitization
  • Pathogenesis of pain in atopic dermatitis and neuronal sensitization
  • Pain mediators in the skin and neuronal sensitization
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 17. Epigenetics
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Current model of atopic dermatitis
  • Three major types of epigenetic modifications
  • Epigenetic mechanisms affecting AD
  • Summary
  • Acknowledgments
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 18. Clinical Evidence: Internal Factors
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Skin barrier defect is not synonymous with atopic dermatitis
  • Not all patients with filaggrin gene mutation develop atopic dermatitis
  • Not all atopic dermatitis patients have an identifiable filaggrin gene mutation
  • Th2 immune type correlates with inside-out dysregulation in atopic dermatitis
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • Section IV: Clinician’s Corner
  • 19. Therapeutic Guideline Overview
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Overview of recently published guidelines
  • Diagnostic and severity grading criteria for atopic dermatitis
  • Severity grading criteria
  • Nonpharmaceutic agents: moisturization, wet wrap therapy, and bleach baths
  • Moisturization
  • Wet wrap therapy
  • Bleach baths
  • Topical modalities: corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors
  • Topical corticosteroids
  • Topical calcineurin inhibitors
  • Topical phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors
  • Phototherapy
  • Systemic therapies
  • Systemic immunomodulatory agents
  • Systemic steroids
  • Dupilumab
  • Emerging therapies
  • Antihistamines
  • Food allergy guidelines
  • Peanut allergy guidelines
  • Summary
  • Further reading
  • References
  • 20. Topical Therapies
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Bathing
  • Frequency of bathing
  • Type of bathing and duration
  • Cleansers, soaps, and bathing practices
  • Dilute bleach baths
  • Bath additives
  • Other bathing practices
  • Recommendations
  • Topical management with antiinflammatories
  • Topical corticosteroids
  • Topical calcineurin inhibitors
  • Other topical antiinflammatories
  • Recommendations
  • Topical antimicrobials
  • Recommendations for topical treatments
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 21. Wound Care
  • Introduction
  • Atopic dermatitis pathobiology: Relationship to wound care
  • Wound healing biology
  • Biologic underpinning for wound healing impairment in atopic dermatitis
  • Interleukin-4
  • Vascular endothelial growth factors/angiogenesis
  • Caspases 1 and 8
  • Thymic stromal lymphopoietin
  • Role of the microbiome
  • Periostin and histamine
  • Epidermal growth factor
  • Chemokines
  • Macrophage migration inhibitory factor
  • Cathelicidin protein hCAP18/LL-37
  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
  • Tenascin-C
  • Surgical complications in atopic dermatitis
  • Wound care in atopic dermatitis
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 22. Skin Barrier Repair
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • The skin barrier
  • Moisturizers
  • Moisturizer delivery systems
  • Ointments
  • Creams
  • Lotions
  • Gels
  • Oils
  • Moisturizer ingredients
  • Prescription emollients
  • Alternative and natural moisturizers
  • Role of proactive use of moisturizers in prevention of eczema in infants
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 23. Emerging Targeted Treatments
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Pathogenesis
  • Treatments targeting pathogenic cytokines
  • Treatments targeting pathogenic antibodies: Anti-IgE
  • Treatment targeting immune cells: Anti-CD20
  • Treatments targeting immune signaling: JAK-STAT/JAK-SYK
  • Topical JAK inhibitors
  • Calcineurin inhibitors
  • Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
  • Opioid agonists
  • Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists
  • Anti-H4 receptor (H4R)
  • Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA)
  • Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1-R) antagonist
  • PPAR-γ
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 24. Microbiome Modulation
  • Introduction
  • Oral probiotics
  • Treatment of AD with oral probiotics
  • Prevention of AD with oral probiotics
  • Recommendations
  • Topical microbial therapy
  • Lactobacillus
  • Roseomonas
  • Vitreoscilla
  • Bifidobacterium
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus
  • Endolysins
  • Antimicrobial-embedded clothing
  • Safety and Food and Drug Administration regulations
  • Treatments on the horizon
  • Summary
  • Further readings
  • References
  • 25. Itch and Pain Treatments
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Nonpharmacologic therapies: Moisturization and bathing practices reducing itch
  • Topical pharmacologic treatments
  • Oral immunosuppressants
  • Miscellaneous therapies
  • Drugs targeting neural sensitization
  • Experimental treatments
  • Summary
  • Further reading
  • References
  • 26. Complementary and Alternative Approaches I
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Topical natural oils
  • Sunflower seed oil
  • Sunflower oleodistillate
  • Virgin coconut oil
  • Borage seed oil
  • Menthol
  • Tea-tree oil
  • Olive oil
  • Combination topicals
  • Oral oils
  • Topical micronutrients
  • Oral micronutrients
  • Summary
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Further readings
  • 27. Complementary and Alternative Approaches II
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Physical treatments
  • Tea and caffeine
  • Summary
  • Practical pearls
  • Further readings
  • References
  • Glossary
  • Bibliography
  • Index
  • Confidence is ClinicalKey