Περιεχόμενα
Chapter 1. The Mammalian Sinoatrial Node: Functioning and
Autonomic Regulation 1
Denis Abramochkin
Structure of the SAN 2
Bioelectric Activity of the SAN Cells 4
The Activation Sequence of the SAN Region 11
Mechanisms of Negative Chronotropic Effect of Acetylcholine 13
Mechanisms of Positive Chronotropic Effect of Catecholamines 16
The Pacemaker Shift Within the SAN Region 17
The Functional and Molecular Determinants of the SAN Heterogeneity 18
Chapter 2. The Trifascicular Nature of the Human Left
Intraventricular His System and its
Electrovectorcardiographic Demonstration 28
Andrés Ricardo Perez Riera
Anatomical Considerations of the Left Intraventricular Conduction System 29
Terminology: Critical Analysis and Semantic Discussions 32
Left Septal Fascicular Block: All Possible Etiologies 34
Left Septal Fascicular Block: Electrocardiographic Criteria 34
Left Septal Fascicular Block Vectorcardiographic Criteria 35
Diagnosis of LSFB 37
Causes of Prominent Anterior Forces (PAF) Differential Diagnosis of LSFB 42
Chapter 3. Cardiac Purkinje Fibers: Normal Function and its
Derangements 48
Mario Vassalle
Normal Functions of Purkinje Fibers 49
Control of Idioventricular Pacemaker Automaticity 62
Derangements of Purkinje Fiber Functions 67
Chapter 4. Sympathetic Innervations in Human Heart 87
Marcellino Monda, Giovanni Messina, Andrea Viggiano, Gennaro Izzo,
Domenico Tafuri, Vincenzo De Luca
Sympathetic Regulation of Pacemaker Activity 88
Sympathetic Nerves and Heart Diseases 89
Development of Cardiac Innervation 90
Nerve Sprouting and SCD 90
Role of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) 91
Role of the Class 3 Secreted Semaphorin (Sema3a) 92
Pharmacologic Sympathetic Blockade 94
Heart Rate Variability 94
Chapter 5. Stepwise Approach for Ablation of Persistent
Atrial Fibrillation 97
Matthew Wright, Sebastien Knecht
Mechanisms of Chronic AF 99
Ablation for Persistent AF 99
Catheter Ablation of Persistent AF: The Stepwise Approach 100
Atrial Fibrillation Cycle Length: A Real-Time Guide to Ablation 100
Pulmonary Vein Isolation 101
Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrograms 101
Predictors of Success 105
Related Complications and Potential Benefits 106
Indications for Persistent AF Ablation 106
Future Perspectives 107
Chapter 6. Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation: Electrophysiological
Mechanisms, Mapping and Ablation 115
Emmanuel Catez, Matthew Wright, Thierry Verbeet, José Castro-Rodriguez,
Marielle Morissens, Emmanuel Tran-Ngoc, Béatrice Peperstraete,
Valentin Tatnga, Gabriella Vivian Flores, Christophe Janssen,
Nathalie Ngo Mandag, Bilel, Pierre Decoodt, Sébastien Knecht
Basic Mechanisms Implicated in Idiopathic Ventricular
Fibrillation 116
Electrocardiographic and Endocardial Characteristics of the
Triggering VPBs 117
Catheter Ablation for Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation 118
Chapter 7. Blood Cholinesterase Level and QTc Interval in
Patients with Organophosphate Poisoning 123
Ahmet Baydin, Turker Yardan, Ali Kemal Erenler
Pharmacokinetics of Organophosphate Insecticides 124
Pathophysiology of Organophosphate Insecticides 126
Clinical Features of Organophosphate Poisoning 127
Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Toxicity in Organophosphate
Poisoning 130
Electrocardiographic Abnormalities Related to
Organophosphate Poisoning 132
Chapter 8. Are There Sex Differences in Serum
Troponin in Cardiac Surgery? 141
C Javierre, A Ricart, E Farrero, L Carrió, D Rodríguez-Castro,
H Torrado, JL Ventura
The Aims of the Present Studies 144
Anesthetic Management 144
Surgical and Cardiopulmonary Bypass Management 145
Blood Sampling and Specimen Processing 145
Statistical Methods 145
Chapter 9. Angiomyogenesis for Myocardial Repair 157
Vien Khach Lai, Khawaja Husnain Haider, Muhammad Ashraf
Cardiomyogenesis 158
Angiogenesis 163
Future Development 167
Chapter 10. Cardiac Dysfunction and Therapies (Part 1):
Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Medical Management 176
Vamsee Yaganti, Snigdha Ancha, Catalin Boiangiu, Marc Cohen
Pathophysiology 177
Causes of Heart Failure 183
Clinical Presentation 185
Diagnostic Tests 188
Management of Heart Failure 194
Hydralazine/Nitrate Combination 204
Aldosterone Antagonists 205
Chapter 11. Cardiac Dysfunction and Therapies (Part 2):
Nonpharmacological Management and Future Directions 213
Vamsee Yaganti, Catalin Boiangiu, Snigdha Ancha, Marc Cohen
Device-based Therapy for Heart Failure 215
Nonreplacement Surgical Therapies 220
Circulatory Support Devices (CSD) 224
Replacement Surgical Therapy 230
Future Directions 236
Chapter 12. Artificial Cardiac Pacemaker–Its Structure,
Implantation and Working 245
Fraz Ahmed, Mahira Parveen
What is a Pacemaker? 246
The History and Development of Cardiac Pacing 246
Why Pacemakers are Used? 247
Diagnostic Tests 248
Functions of Pacemaker 249
Types of Pacemakers 250
Components and Structure of Pacemaker 250
Working of Pacemakers 255
Implantation of Pacemaker 256
Postimplantation of Pacemaker 256
Complications which may Occur with Pacemakers Surgery 256
Some Devices can Interfere with Pacemakers 257
Pacemaker Codes 258
Common Units for Pacemakers 259
Index 261
