1. Overview of Physical Therapy for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Physical Therapy for the Pelvic Floor
Role of the Physical Therapist in Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
2. Critical Appraisal of Randomized Trials and Systematic Reviews of the Effects of Physical Therapy Interventions for the Pelvic Floor
Randomized Trials and Systematic Reviews
Detecting Bias in Trials and Reviews
Detecting ‘Spin’ and Sloppy Analysis
Assessing Relevance of Trials and Systematic Reviews
Using Estimates of Effects of Intervention to Make Decisions About Intervention
Using Grade to Evaluate Evidence and Recommendations For Practice
3. Functional Anatomy of the Female Pelvic Floor
How is Urinary Continence Maintained?
The Urinary Sphincteric Closure System
Clinical Correlates of Urethral Anatomy and Effects of Aging
Urethral (And Anterior Vaginal Wall) Support System
Pelvic Floor Function Relevant to Stress Urinary Incontinence
Urethrovesical Pressure Dynamics
Clinical Implications of Levator Functional Anatomy
Anatomy of the Posterior Vaginal Wall Support as it Applies to Rectocele
4. Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology of Pelvic Floor Muscles
Innervation of Pelvic Floor Muscles
Neural Control of Sacral Functions
Neural Control of the Sexual Response
Neurophysiology of Pelvic Floor Muscles
Tonic and Phasic Pelvic Floor Muscle Activity
Neuromuscular Injury to the Pelvic Floor due to Vaginal Delivery
5. Measurement of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function and Strength
5.2 Visual Observation and Palpation
5.3 Manometry: Vaginal Squeeze Pressure Measurement
5.4 Pelvic Floor Dynamometry
5.6 Urethral Pressure Measurements
5.7 Ultrasound in the Assessment of Pelvic Floor Muscle, Anal Canal and Pelvic Organ Descent
5.8 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intact and Injured Female Pelvic Floor Muscles
6. Pelvic Floor and Exercise Science
7. Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction and Evidence-Based Physical Therapy
7.1 Female Stress Urinary Incontinence
Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Stress Urinary Incontinence
Electrical Stimulation for Stress Urinary Incontinence
Pelvic Floor Muscle Training
Pudendal Neuralgia and Other Intrapelvic Nerve Entrapments
7.3. Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in Prevention and Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
7.4. Female Sexual Dysfunction
The Complexity of Sexuality
Pelvic Floor Muscle Training as an Intervention to Treat Female Sexual Dysfunction
7.5. Pregnancy and Childbirth: Pathophysiology and Injuries
Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries
Evidence for Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Urinary Incontinence Related to the Peripartum Period
Evidence for Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Pelvic Organ Prolapse Related to the Peripartum Period
Evidence for Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Anal Incontinence Related to the Peripartum Period
8. Evidence-Based Physical Therapy for Pelvic Floor: Dysfunctions Affecting Both Women and Men
8.1 Anal Incontinence: Prevalence, Causes and Pathophysiology
Assessment of the Nature and Severity of Anal Incontinence
Conservative Interventions for Treatment of Anal Incontinence
8.2 Constipation: Prevalence, Causes and Pathophysiology
9.2 Chronic Pelvic Floor Pain
9.3 Conservative Therapies to Treat Pelvic Floor Pain in Females
9.4 Conservative Therapies to Treat Pelvic Floor Pain in Males
10. The Prevalence and Consequences of Sexual Violence to the Pelvic Floor
Anatomical Briefing of Sexuality
Consequences and Type of Injuries from Sexual Violence TO the Pelvic Floor
11. Male Pelvic Floor Dysfunction and Evidence-Based Physical Therapy
11.1 Prevention, Causes and Pathophysiology of Urinary Incontinence in Males
11.2 Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Urinary Incontinence
11.3 Pelvic Floor Muscle Training and Male Sexual Dysfunction
12. Evidence for Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy in Childhood
Assessment and Management of Childhood Bladder or Bowel Dysfunction
Interventions in Childhood Bladder or Bowel Dysfunction
Evidence of Physical Therapy in Children
Tools Utilized to Diagnose and Evaluate Childhood Bladder or Bowel Dysfunction
Recommendations and Discussion
13. Gynaecological Cancer and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Gynaecological Cancer Prevalence
Gynaecological Cancer Treatments
Pathophysiology and Aetiology of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction After Gynaecological Cancer
Mechanisms of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Following Gynaecological Cancer Treatment
Prevalence of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction After Gynaecological Cancer
Burden of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction on Gynaecological Cancer Survivors
Management of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction After Gynaecological Cancer Treatment
Physical Therapy for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction After Gynaecological Cancer Treatment
Future Research Directions
14. Aetiology of Incontinence in Older Adults
14.1 Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Older Women With Urinary Incontinence
15. Evidence for Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy for Neurological Diseases
16. Physical Activity, Elite Athletes and the Pelvic Floor
Impact of Exercise on the Pelvic Floor
Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in Women Participating in Fitness Activities
Prevalence of Anal Incontinence in Female Elite Athletes
Prevalence of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Female Elite Athletes
Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence and Anal Incontinence in Male Athletes
Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Elite Athletes
17. Evidence for Mobile Apps: Where Do We Stand and Where Should We Go?
Construction of a Mobile Application for Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Used by Physiotherapists
Validity of the new Developed Mobile Application
Recommendations for Clinical Practice
Recommendations for Research
18. Selection and Goal-Oriented Application of Measurement Instruments in Pelvic Physical Therapy
Relevance of Using Measurement Instruments for the (Pelvic) Physical Therapist and Patient
Step-by-Step Plan: Tool for Selection of an Adequate Measurement Instrument
Application of the Step-BY-Step Plan for a Patient with Anal Incontinence (Case Study)
19. The Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines
Guiding Principles in the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines
The Development Process of Clinical Practice Guidelines
