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Low Vision, 1st Edition. Principles and Management

ISBN: 9780323876346
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Διαστάσεις 28 × 22 cm
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Περιγραφή

Providing an ideal balance of theory and practice, Low Vision: Principles and Management covers all aspects of providing effective eye care to individuals with visual impairment. This concise yet comprehensive resource covers everything from theoretical background to current rehabilitative aids and low vision treatment strategies—all while adopting a practical approach to vision care. It brings practising eye care professionals and students fully up to date with current optical and electronic devices and how they are used in everyday practice, as well as evidence-based vision rehabilitation guidelines.
Key Features
  • Features comprehensive guidance on visual rehabilitation for acuity loss and visual field loss.
  • Describes a wealth of practical advice and real-world case scenarios to help guide your day-to-day patient interactions as well as your most challenging situations.
  • Covers hot topics, including the link between mental health and low vision, assistive technologies, measures of quality of life and other outcome measures, WHO classifications of visual impairment, and best practices for auditing and commissioning vision services.
  • Contains over 200 diagrams, illustrations, and patient photos to aid in visual understanding.
  • Explains how eye care professionals can work within a multi-disciplinary team to provide complete care.
  • An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.
Author Information
By Christine Dickinson, BSc PhD FCOptom PGCertHE, Professor of Clinical Optometry and Lead for Undergraduate Masters, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Ana Hernandez Trillo , BSc MSc PhD PGDipMEd SFHEA, Senior Lecturer in Optometry, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK and Michael Crossland, Senior Research Fellow, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London and Specialist Optometrist, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

Περιεχόμενα

  • Cover image
  • Title page
  • Table of Contents
  • Any screen, Any time, Anywhere
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgements
  • Part 1: Defining Low Vision
  • 1. What Is Low Vision?
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Disorder, Impairment, Activity Limitation and Participation Restriction
  • Low Vision Defined By Visual Acuity
  • Low Vision Defined by the Need for Rehabilitation
  • Low Vision Defined in Legislation
  • Equality and Accessibility
  • The Icf
  • Tackling the Disability
  • References
  • 2. Prevalence and Causes of Low Vision
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • The World-Wide Situation
  • Visual Impairment in the UK
  • Visual Impairment in Children
  • Projections for the Future
  • References
  • 3. Clinical Measures of Visual Performance
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Why do we test visual performance?
  • Assessing the performance of vision tests
  • Distance visual acuity
  • Assessing Ultra-Low Vision
  • Contrast sensitivity
  • Predicting the outcome of cataract surgery
  • Visual field testing
  • Assessing potential acuity in the presence of a central scotoma
  • Colour vision
  • Reading
  • Visual performance measurement in children with visual impairment
  • Visual Perceptual Problems: Investigating Extrastriate Pathways
  • A Pragmatic View of Visual Performance Testing—the Functional Approach
  • References
  • 4. Patient-Centred Outcome Measures
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Patient-Centred Outcome Measures
  • Quality of Life
  • Measuring ‘Vision-Related Quality of Life’ in Adults
  • Adaptation to Vision Loss
  • Measuring ‘Vision-Related Quality of Life’ in Children
  • Selecting a Questionnaire to Use
  • References
  • Part 2: Magnification as a Strategy for Improving Visual Performance
  • 5. Magnification
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Possible Approaches
  • Combining Magnification
  • 6. Relative Size Magnification: Increasing the Object Size
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Large Print
  • E-Books
  • Large Text in Everyday Usage
  • Large Text on the Computer
  • References
  • 7. Relative Distance Magnification: Decreasing the Viewing Distance
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • The Optical Principles of Plus-Lens Magnifiers
  • Hand-Held Magnifiers
  • Stand-Mounted Magnifiers
  • Spectacle-Mounted Or Head-Mounted Plus Lenses
  • Intraocular Lenses
  • Optimising the Use of Magnifiers
  • References
  • 8. Transverse Magnification
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Electronic Vision Enhancement Systems
  • Classification
  • Consumer Devices
  • Financing the Purchase of Eves in the UK
  • Bar and Flat-Field Magnifiers
  • References
  • 9. Angular Magnification
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • The Optical Principles of Telescopes
  • Practical Considerations
  • Measuring Telescope Magnification
  • Types Available
  • Telescopes for Mobility
  • References
  • Part 3: Other Methods for Visual Rehabilitation
  • 10. Contrast and Glare
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Improving Visibility of the Retinal Image
  • Glare
  • Effect of Glare on Vision
  • Adaptation Glare
  • A Classification of Glare
  • Possible Approaches to Glare Reduction
  • References
  • 11. Illumination and Lighting
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Terminology
  • Types of Domestic Lighting
  • Visual Performance and Lighting
  • Nonvisual Effects of Light
  • Lighting Levels for Older and Visually Impaired People
  • Using Lighting for Vision Enhancement
  • Practical Advice to Optimise Lighting for Low-Vision Patients
  • References
  • 12. Aids for Peripheral Field Loss
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Functional Effects of Peripheral Field Loss
  • Field Expanders
  • Field Expansion in Hemianopia
  • Prisms for Expanding Constricted Visual Fields
  • Help for Near Tasks
  • Summary and Comparison of Available Methods
  • References
  • 13. Special Training Techniques for Visual Field Loss
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Central Field Loss
  • Hemianopia
  • Constricted Visual Fields
  • References
  • 14. Rehabilitation Techniques for Nystagmus
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome
  • Acquired Nystagmus
  • References
  • 15. Sensory Substitution
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • NONVISUAL STRATEGIES: AUDITORY AND TACTILE INFORMATION
  • THE ROLE OF SMARTPHONES, DIGITAL ASSISTANTS AND APPS
  • Personal Communication
  • Other Activities of Daily Living
  • Mobility
  • Orientation
  • Sport for Individuals with Visual Impairment
  • References
  • 16. Inclusive and Universal Design
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Definitions
  • Recommendations for Good Practice in the Built Environment
  • References
  • Part 4: Clinical Procedures
  • 17. The Low Vision Assessment
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Scheduling the Appointment
  • Preparing for the Assessment
  • General Observation of the Patient
  • Case History
  • Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
  • Reaction to the Loss of Sight
  • Giving Information and Advice
  • Adapting the Assessment for a Child with Visual Impairment
  • Adapting the Assessment for Someone with Learning Disability
  • Follow-Up
  • Writing Reports
  • References
  • 18. The Eye Examination
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Visual Assessment
  • Determining Refractive Correction
  • Binocular Vision
  • Additional Tests
  • Spectacle Dispensing
  • Referral and Signposting
  • The Next Stage
  • References
  • 19. Prescribing Magnification
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Determine the Strategy Most Likely to Help
  • Predict the Magnification Required
  • Binocular or Monocular?
  • Selecting a Magnifier
  • Demonstrate the Device on the Required Task, and Modify it if Necessary
  • Determining the Required Spectacle Correction
  • Provide Instruction and Training for the Low Vision AID
  • Issue the AID for Trial in the ‘Real World’
  • Prescribing in Special Cases
  • References
  • 20. Instruction and Training in the Use of Magnifiers
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Instruction in the Use of Low Vision AIDS
  • Training in the Use of Low Vision AIDS
  • References
  • 21. Evaluating Low Vision Services
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Prognostic Factors for the Successful Use of Low Vision AIDS
  • Defining Success
  • Does Training Work?
  • What are Service Evaluation and Audit?
  • Performing a Research Study
  • References
  • 22. The Place of Low Vision in Optometric Practice
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • The Organisation of Low Vision Services in the UK
  • Equipment Required for Low-Vision Work
  • Selecting a Stock of Magnifiers
  • Payment for Low Vision Services
  • References
  • 23. Case Studies
  • Abstract
  • Outline
  • Case 1—14-Year-Old
  • Case 2—52-year-old
  • Case 3—75-Year-Old
  • Case 4—84-Year-Old
  • References
  • Part 5: Appendices
  • Appendix 1. Useful Information
  • Outline
  • Events And Organisations
  • Patient Information Websites
  • National Charities
  • Local Charities
  • Low Vision Aid Manufacturers And Distributors
  • Podcasts And Radio Programmes
  • Apps
  • Appendix 2. Sample Record Sheets
  • First Visit Assessment Record Card
  • Follow-Up Visit Record Card
  • Appendix 3. Patient Literature
  • Good Lighting
  • Tints, Sunglasses And Visors
  • Electronic Magnifiers
  • Making Your Computer Easier To See
  • Information About Registering As Sight Impaired Or Severely Sight Impaired
  • Information Sheet—Hand Magnifier
  • Information Sheet—(Illuminated) Stand Magnifier
  • Information Sheet—Telescopic Distance Aid
  • What To Expect From The Low Vision Assessment
  • First Visit Questionnaire
  • Appendix 4. Examples of Clinic Letters
  • Outline
  • Referral To Teacher For Visual Impairment
  • Report For Teacher Of Visual Impairment
  • Report For Gp
  • Report For Ophthalmologist
  • Referral To Rehabilitation Worker For Visual Impairment
  • Index