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Medicine for the Outdoors, 7th Edition. The Essential Guide to First Aid and Medical Emergencies

ISBN: 9780323680561
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Διαστάσεις 23 × 15 cm
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Διαθέσιμο - Προπαραγγελία|Διαθεσιμότητα: 11-14 ημέρες

Περιγραφή

For nearly 40 years, Medicine for the Outdoors: The Essential Guide to First Aid and Medical Emergencies has been the take-along manual of choice for anyone venturing into the mountains, forest, desert, or on water. This essential guide provides highly illustrated, easy-to-follow guidance on immediate stabilization and treatment of persons with virtually any possible medical problem—designed for on-the-spot use when higher-level medical care is not accessible. Written by experts in outdoor medicine, this updated edition helps you manage any situation until medical personnel can take over.
Key Features
  • Covers key information on a wide range of disorders related to specific environments, including natural disasters, high-altitude problems, water-related incidents, heat- and cold-related illnesses, and wildland fires.
  • Provides easy-to-understand recommendations for dealing with animal attacks, venomous wildlife, wild plant and mushroom poisoning, minor and major medical problems, infectious diseases, water disinfection, and severe bleeding.
  • Discusses key topics, including antibiotics, medicines, opioid overdose treatment, wound closure techniques, severe bleeding, spinal assessment and immobilization, tourniquets, the use of a Gamow bag for severe altitude illness, splinting, dental emergencies, disaster preparedness, global conflict guidelines, canine medicine, today’s infectious disease threats, and much more.
  • Includes up-to-date guidelines, even more helpful illustrations and diagrams, and a new chapter: Patient Assessment: A Structured Approach to Emergencies in the Outdoors.
  • Includes advanced topics valuable to physicians and expedition medical staff at all levels of training and experience.
  • Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Author Information
By Tate Higgins; Ali S. Arastu and Paul S. Auerbach, MD, MS, FACEP, MFAWM, FAAEM, Redlich Family Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California

Περιεχόμενα

  • Cover image
  • Title page
  • Table of Contents
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • About the authors
  •     List of Illustrations
  • Part One. General Information
  • How to use this book
  • Before you go
  •     Be in good health
  •     Be prepared
  •     Common sense
  •     Falls prevention
  •     Rules of the road
  •     Conditioning and acclimatization
  •     Equipment
  •     Trip plans
  •     Medicines
  •     Nutrition
  •     Fluid requirements
  •     Personal hygiene and bodily waste disposal
  •     General injury prevention: Risk factors
  •     Disaster preparedness
  •     Disaster response triage
  •     Duty to assist
  • General first aid principles
  •     While you are waiting for help to arrive
  •     Assisting a victim of starvation
  •     Medical decision-making
  •     Hand offs
  • Patient assessment–a structured approach to emergencies in the outdoors
  •     Overview
  •     Primary survey (a search for immediate life threats)
  •     A note on ABC vs. CAB
  •     Airway
  •     Choking
  •     Helmet removal
  •     Breathing
  •     How to assist breathing (mouth-to-mouth)
  •     Circulation
  •     Disability and neurologic status
  •     Logrolling the victim (see Figs. 27 and 28)
  •     Lifting and moving a victim
  •     Expose and environment
  •     The secondary survey
  •     The physical exam
  •     Vital signs by age group
  •     Pulse oximetry
  •     Temperature
  •     History
  • Part Two. Major Medical Problems
  • Introduction
  • An approach to the unconscious victim
  •     Drug overdose
  •     Long-term care of an unconscious or gravely disabled person
  • Chest injury
  •     Broken ribs
  •     Flail chest
  •     Pneumothorax
  •     Bruised lung
  •     Treatment for chest injuries
  • Serious lung disorders
  •     Asthma
  •     Pulmonary embolism
  •     Heart failure (often called “congestive heart failure”)
  •     Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  •     Pneumonia
  • Chest pain
  •     Angina pectoris
  •     Heart attack (acute myocardial infarction “AMI” or “MI”)
  •     Treatment for a suspected heart attack
  •     Aortic dissection
  •     Very rapid heart rate
  •     High blood pressure
  •     Noncardiac causes of chest pain
  • Bleeding
  •     Treatment for bleeding
  •     Applying a tourniquet
  •     Internal bleeding
  • Shock
  • Head injury
  •     Concussion
  •     Treatment principles for head injuries
  •     Simplified motor score
  •     AVPU
  •     ACDU
  •     Pain control
  •     Lacerations of the scalp
  • Allergic reaction
  •     Treatment for a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)
  • Seizure
  •     Treatment for seizure
  • Fractures and dislocations
  •     Compartment syndrome
  •     Splints and slings
  •     Taping
  •     Specific injuries
  •     Neck
  •     Logrolling the victim (see Figs. 27 and 28)
  •     “Clearing” a cervical spine
  •     Skull and face
  •     Nose
  •     Jaw
  •     Wrist, hand, and finger
  •     Forearm
  •     Elbow
  •     “Nursemaid’s elbow”
  •     Upper arm
  •     Collarbone (clavicle)
  •     Shoulder dislocation
  •     Shoulder separation
  •     Rib
  •     Thoracic and lumbar spine (chest and lower back)
  •     Pelvis
  •     Tailbone (coccyx)
  •     Femur
  •     Hip
  •     Knee and kneecap
  •     Lower leg
  •     Ankle
  •     Toe
  •     Heel
  • Amputation
  • Burns
  •     Definitions (Fig. 132)
  •     Treatment for burns
  •     Tar burn
  •     Burn prevention
  • Inhalation injuries
  •     Thermal injury
  •     Smoke (chemical) injury
  •     Air quality index for particles
  •     Aspiration injury
  •     Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • Abdominal pain
  •     General evaluation
  •     Physical examination
  •     Epigastrium
  •     Right upper quadrant
  •     Left upper quadrant
  •     Right lower quadrant
  •     Left lower quadrant
  •     Lower abdomen (central)
  •     Flanks (sides of lower back)
  • Problems of ovaries and vagina
  •     Ovarian infection
  •     Ovulation, ovarian cyst, and torsed (twisted) ovary
  •     Bleeding from the vagina
  •     Vaginitis, vaginal discharge, and vaginal infections
  •     Emergency contraception
  •     Safe sex
  • Disorders of the kidneys, bladder, and prostate
  •     Bladder infection
  •     Kidney infection
  •     Kidney stone
  •     Blood in the urine
  •     Acute urinary retention
  •     Prostate infection
  • Problems of the penis and testicles
  •     Painful testicle
  •     Penile discharge
  •     Infection of the foreskin (balanitis)
  •     Safe sex
  • Emergency childbirth
  •     Complicated deliveries
  •     Cellulitis of the breast (mastitis)
  • Diabetes
  • Stroke
  • Infectious diseases
  •     Fever in the returning traveler
  •     Malaria
  •     Yellow fever
  •     Dengue
  •     Chikungunya fever
  •     West nile viral disease
  •     Zika virus disease
  •     Eastern equine encephalitis
  •     Tick bites and prevention
  •     Relapsing fever
  •     Rocky mountain spotted fever
  •     Colorado tick fever
  •     Lyme disease
  •     Ehrlichiosis
  •     Anaplasmosis
  •     African tick-bite fever
  •     Babesiosis
  •     Schistosomiasis
  •     Trichinellosis (trichinosis)
  •     Leptospirosis
  •     Tularemia
  •     Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
  •     Meningococcal disease (including meningitis)
  •     Tetanus
  •     Ebola, lassa, and other viruses that cause “hemorrhagic fevers”
  •     Emerging infectious diseases
  •     COVID-19
  •     Rabies
  • Part Three. Minor Medical Problems
  • Introduction
  • General symptoms
  •     Fainting
  •     Fatigue
  •     Fever and chills
  •     Cough
  •     Coughing blood
  •     Hiccups (hiccoughs)
  •     Dizziness
  • Head (including eye, ear, nose, throat, and mouth)
  •     Headache
  •     Bell’s palsy
  •     Ear and hearing
  •     Eye
  •     Contact lenses
  •     Nose
  •     Throat
  •     Mouth and teeth (dental)
  • Upper respiratory disorders
  •     Common cold
  •     Influenza
  •     Bronchitis
  •     Pleuritis
  •     Hay fever
  • Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract
  •     Diarrhea
  •     Gluten sensitivity
  •     Constipation
  •     Hemorrhoids, anal fissure, and rectal prolapse
  •     Flatus
  •     Heartburn
  •     Nausea and vomiting
  •     Vomiting blood
  •     Ulcer disease
  •     Hepatitis
  • Skin disorders
  •     Sunburn
  •     Sunscreens
  •     Melanoma
  •     Poison ivy, sumac, and oak (genus toxicodendron)
  •     Other irritating plants
  •     Rashes incurred in the water
  •     Hives
  •     Heat rash
  •     Intertrigo
  •     Chafe
  •     Impetigo
  •     Cellulitis, including from methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
  •     Abscess
  •     Ingrown toenail
  •     Fingertip cracks
  •     Paronychia
  •     Felon
  •     Blisters
  •     Plantar warts
  •     Athlete’s foot, ringworm, and jock itch
  •     Tinea versicolor
  •     Onychomycosis
  •     Good foot care
  •     Diaper rash
  •     Armpit odor
  •     Lice
  •     Scabies
  •     Creeping eruption
  •     Shingles
  •     Herpes simplex virus genital infection
  •     Fever blisters
  • Minor bruises and wounds
  •     Bruises
  •     Black eye
  •     Blood under the fingernail
  •     Torn fingernail
  •     Puncture wounds
  •     Impaled object
  •     Scrapes
  •     Cuts (lacerations)
  •     Skin flaps and avulsions
  •     Taping a wound closed
  •     Sewing (suturing) a wound closed
  •     Stapling a wound closed
  •     Gluing a wound closed
  •     Dress the wound
  •     Wound infection
  •     Seek medical care
  •     Bandaging techniques
  •     Abscess (boil)
  •     Scalp laceration (cut on the head)
  •     Fishhook removal
  •     Splinter removal
  •     Blisters
  • Musculoskeletal injuries
  •     Overuse syndromes
  •     Carpal tunnel syndrome
  •     Cyclist’s palsy
  •     Saturday night palsy
  •     Rotator cuff tendinitis
  •     Turf toe
  •     Muscle fatigue
  •     Shin splints
  •     Plantar fasciitis
  •     Torn muscle
  •     Sprains, strains, and tendon rupture
  •     Muscle cramps
  •     Arthritis
  •     Bursitis
  •     Venous thrombosis and thrombophlebitis
  •     Back pain
  • Mental health (psychiatric) emergencies
  •     Anxiety
  •     Panic
  •     Depression
  •     Delirium
  •     Psychosis
  •     Reaction to an injury or illness (acute stress disorder)
  •     Posttraumatic stress disorder
  •     Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
  • Part Four. Disorders Related to Specific Environments
  • Injuries and illnesses due to cold
  •     Hypothermia (lowered body temperature)
  •     Prevention of hypothermia
  •     Mild hypothermia
  •     Moderate hypothermia
  •     Severe and profound hypothermia
  •     Rewarming and preparing a hypothermic victim for transport
  •     Cold water immersion
  •     What to do if you fall through the ice
  •     How to assist someone who has fallen through the ice
  •     Winter storm preparedness
  •     Safe sledding
  •     Frostbite
  •     Treatment of frostbite
  •     Stages of frostbite
  •     Wound management after thawing
  •     Prevention of frostbite
  •     Frostnip
  •     Immersion foot (trench foot)
  •     Chilblain (pernio)
  •     Raynaud’s phenomenon
  •     Hives induced by exposure to cold
  •     Snow blindness
  • Injuries and illnesses due to heat
  •     Burn injuries
  •     Heat-related illness (hyperthermia)
  •     Heat exhaustion and heat stroke
  •     Cooling the victim
  •     Muscle cramps
  •     Heat swelling
  •     Fainting
  •     Avoiding heat illness
  • Wildland fires
  •     High-risk situations
  •     Standard fire encounter principles
  •     What to do when caught in a wildland fire
  • High altitude–related problems
  •     Prevention of high altitude–related disorders
  •     High-altitude pulmonary edema
  •     High-altitude cerebral edema
  •     Acute mountain sickness
  •     Gamow bag (portable hyperbaric chamber)
  •     Other disorders of high altitude
  • Snakebite
  •     Venomous snakes
  •     Signs of envenomation
  •     Pit vipers
  •     Coral snakes
  •     Treatment of snakebite
  •     Avoidance of venomous snakes
  •     Nonvenomous snakes
  •     Gila monster and Mexican beaded lizard
  • Insect and arthropod bites
  •     Bees, wasps, hornets, and ants
  •     Spiders
  •     Scorpions
  •     Mosquitoes
  •     Mosquito avoidance
  •     Biting flies
  •     Fleas
  •     Chiggers
  •     Centipedes and millipedes
  •     Ticks
  •     Tick avoidance
  •     Tick removal
  •     Tick bite and red meat allergy
  •     Caterpillars
  •     Beetles
  •     Sucking bugs
  •     Skin infestation by fly larvae
  •     Insect repellents and other protection against insects
  •     Screens, bed nets, coils, candles, shields, and traps
  •     Repellents
  •     Leeches
  • Lightning strike, tornado (cyclone), hurricane (typhoon), flood, earthquake, tidal wave (tsunami), landslide (mudslide), volcano, and snow avalanche
  •     Lightning strike
  •     Lightning avoidance and how to seek safety
  •     Tornado avoidance and how to seek safety
  •     Hurricane: How to seek safety
  •     Flood: How to seek safety
  •     Earthquake: What to do and how to seek safety
  •     Tidal wave: How to seek safety
  •     Landslide: How to seek safety
  •     Volcano
  •     What to do if working or traveling near an active volcano
  •     Snow avalanche
  • Hazardous aquatic life and aquatic infections
  •     Sharks
  •     Shark avoidance
  •     Barracudas
  •     Moray eels
  •     Sponges
  •     Jellyfish
  •     Coral and barnacle cuts
  •     Sea urchins
  •     Starfish
  •     Cucumbers
  •     Bristleworms
  •     Cone snails (shells)
  •     Stingrays
  •     Avoidance of stingray injuries
  •     Catfish
  •     Scorpionfish
  •     Surgeonfish
  •     Octopuses
  •     Sea snakes
  •     Skin rashes caused by aquatic plants (seaweed dermatitis) or creatures (sea bather’s eruption, swimmer’s itch)
  •     Poisonings from seafood
  •     Scombroid fish poisoning
  •     Pufferfish poisoning
  •     Ciguatera fish poisoning
  •     Paralytic shellfish poisoning
  •     Hallucinatory fish poisoning
  •     Anisakidosis
  • Underwater diving accidents
  •     Air embolism
  •     Decompression sickness (the “bends”)
  •     Nitrogen narcosis
  •     Ear squeeze
  •     Sinus squeeze
  •     Tooth squeeze
  • Drowning
  •     Recognizing a victim of drowning
  •     Prevention of drowning
  • Animal attacks
  •     Animal attacks
  •     General treatment
  •     Special considerations
  •     Avoidance of hazardous animals
  • Wild plant and mushroom poisoning
  •     Medical history
  •     Treatment for poisonings
  •     Commonly ingested toxic plants and mushrooms
  •     Toxicity of common plants
  • Part Five. Miscellaneous Information
  • Oxygen administration
  •     Precautions
  • Water disinfection
  • Motion sickness
  • Jet lag
  •     In flight
  • Personal safety in an age of conflict, kidnapping, and terrorism
  •     Safe travel
  •     Kidnapping and hostage behavior
  •     Piracy
  •     Blast injuries
  • First aid kits
  •     Basic supplies
  •     General supplies to consider
  •     Wound care: Preparations and dressings
  •     Splinting and sling material
  •     Eye medications and dressings
  •     Dental supplies
  •     Topical skin preparations
  •     Nonprescription medications
  •     Prescription medications (select what you feel you might need; the drugs listed are “for example”)
  •     Allergy kit
  •     Forest and mountain environments
  •     Aquatic environments
  • Physicians abroad
  • Immunizations
  • Transport of the injured victim
  •     Lifting and moving techniques
  •     Carries and litters
  •     Helicopters
  • Ground-to-air distress signals
  • Lost people
  • Procedures
  •     Intramuscular injection
  •     Fishhook removal
  •     Splinter removal
  •     Ring removal
  •     Zipper removal
  •     Knots and hitches
  • Dealing with death
  •     Handling a dead body
  •     Emotional considerations
  •     Obtaining assistance
  • Appendices
  • Appendix One:  Commonly used drugs (medications) and doses
  • Appendix Two:  Conversion tables
  • Appendix Three:  Guidelines for prevention of diseases transmitted via human blood and other bodily fluids
  • Appendix Four:  Commonly used applications of the SAM splint
  • Appendix Five:  Emergency canine medicine
  • Glossary (Including Acronyms and Abbreviations)
  • Index