Section 1. Cell Physiology, Fluid Homeostasis, and Membrane Transport
Chapter 1. The Cell and Fluid Homeostasis
Cell Structure and Organization
Fluid Compartments: Size and Constitutive Elements
Osmosis, Starling Forces, and Fluid Homeostasis
Chapter 2. Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling Mechanisms
Cellular Transport: Passive and Active Mechanisms
Cell Signaling Mechanisms
Section 2. The Nervous System and Muscle
Chapter 3. Nerve and Muscle Physiology
Resting Membrane Potentials
Electrophysical Principles
Action Potential Conduction
Skeletal Muscle Organization
Excitation-Contraction Coupling
The Sliding Filament Theory
Mechanical Considerations in Skeletal Muscle Contraction
Chapter 4. Organization and General Functions of the Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Chapter 5. Sensory Physiology
Chapter 6. The Somatic Motor System
Role of Higher Centers in Motor Control
Chapter 7. The Autonomic Nervous System
Organization and General Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Section 3. Cardiovascular Physiology
Chapter 9. Overview of the Heart and Circulation
General Scheme of the Circulation
Conduction System of the Heart
Chapter 10. Cardiac Electrophysiology
Cardiac Action Potentials
Chapter 11. Flow, Pressure, and Resistance
Biophysics of Circulation
Chapter 12. The Cardiac Pump
Regulation of Cardiac Output
Assessment of Cardiac Function
Vascular Function and Cardiac Output
Chapter 13. The Peripheral Circulation
Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure
Section 4. Respiratory Physiology
Chapter 14. Pulmonary Ventilation and Perfusion and Diffusion of Gases
Functional Anatomy of the Lungs and Airways
Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
Ventilation and Alveolar Gas Composition
Ventilation and Perfusion Gradients
Chapter 15. The Mechanics of Breathing
Basic Mechanics of the Ventilatory Apparatus
Compliance, Elastance, and Pressure-Volume Relationships
Surfactant and Surface Tension
Dynamic Compression of Airways during Expiration
Obstructive and Restrictive Pulmonary Diseases and Pulmonary Function Tests
Chapter 16. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport and Control of Respiration
The Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Transport of Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide Transport and Acid-Base Balance
Section 5. Renal Physiology
Chapter 17. Overview, Glomerular Filtration, and Renal Clearance
Structure and Overall Function of the Kidneys
Glomerular Filtration: Physical Factors and Starling Forces
Regulation of Renal Hemodynamics
Chapter 18. Renal Transport Processes
General Overview of Renal Transport
Sodium-Driven Solute Transport
Calcium and Phosphate Transport
Chapter 19. Urine Concentration and Dilution Mechanisms
The Loop of Henle and Collecting Duct Cells
Urine-Concentrating Mechanism
Chapter 20. Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Volume and Osmolarity
Intrarenal Regulation of Sodium and Fluid Reabsorption
Neurohumoral Control of Renal Sodium Reabsorption
Renal Response to Changes in Plasma Volume and Osmolarity
Chapter 21. Regulation of Acid-Base Balance by the Kidneys
Control of Extracellular Fluid pH
HCO3− and H+ Handling through the Renal Tubule
Renal Mechanisms Contributing to Net Acid Excretion
Section 6. Gastrointestinal Physiology
Chapter 22. Overview of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Structure and Overall Function of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Thirst and Hunger: Behavioral Responses to Maintain the Milieu Interieur
Fluid Shifts and pH Through the Tract
The Enteric Nervous System
The GI Tract as an Endocrine Organ
Integrated Regulation of GI Function
Chapter 23. Motility Through the Gastrointestinal Tract
Interdigestive Housekeeping: The Migrating Myoelectric Complex
Defecation and the Defecation (Rectosphincteric) Reflex
Chapter 24. Gastrointestinal Secretions
Salivary Secretion and Regulation
Secretions of the Gastric Glands and Regulation of Hydrochloric Acid Secretion
Secretions From the Small Intestine: Electrolytes, Enzymes, and Hormones
Pancreatic Buffer and Enzyme Secretions
Chapter 25. Hepatobiliary Function
Overview of Liver Functions
Liver Structure and Blood Flow
Basic Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins
Production and Secretion of Bile
Basic Endocrine Functions
Chapter 26. Digestion and Absorption
Anatomy and Nutrient Absorption
Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption
Protein Digestion and Absorption
Lipid Digestion and Absorption
Electrolyte and Water Absorption
Divalent Cation Absorption
Section 7. Endocrine Physiology
Chapter 27. General Principles of Endocrinology and Pituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones
Mechanisms of Hormone Action
General Endocrine Roles of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
Feedback Systems and Receptor Regulation in the Endocrine System
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
Chapter 28. Thyroid Hormones
Structure of the Thyroid Gland
Synthesis, Release, and Uptake of Thyroid Hormones
Chapter 29. Adrenal Hormones
Synthesis and Regulation of Adrenal Cortical Steroid Hormones
Actions of Adrenal Androgens
Regulation and Actions of Aldosterone
Chapter 30. The Endocrine Pancreas
Structure of the Pancreas
Synthesis, Secretion, and Actions of Insulin
Synthesis, Secretion, and Actions of Glucagon
Synthesis, Secretion, and Action of Somatostatin
Chapter 31. Calcium-Regulating Hormones
Overview of Calcium Homeostasis
Synthesis and Actions of Calcium-Regulating Hormones
Chapter 32. Hormones of the Reproductive System
Fetal Development of the Reproductive Organs and Differentiation of Genitalia
The Menstrual Cycle and Female Reproductive Endocrinology
Implantation and Pregnancy
Male Reproductive Endocrinology
