Introduction xiii
About the Author xvii
Section I Outbreaks of Diseases of the Respiratory Tract 1
Outbreak I-1 A Legionellosis Outbreak—Barceloneta 4
Outbreak I-2 An Outbreak of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection—Arviat, Canada 5
Outbreak I-3 A Tuberculosis Outbreak in a Prison Housing Inmates Infected with HIV—South Carolina 7
Outbreak I-4 An Otitis Media Outbreak in a Child Care Center—Georgia 9
Outbreak I-5 An Outbreak of a Rash—Venezuela and Colombia 11
Outbreak I-6 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Outbreak—Vermont 13
Outbreak I-7 A Diphtheria Outbreak—Newly Independent States of the Former Soviet Union 15
Outbreak I-8 An Outbreak of Mycoplasmal Pneumonia—Ohio 17
Outbreak I-9 A Pneumonia Outbreak in a Nursing Home—New Jersey 18
Outbreak I-10 Past and Future Pandemics of Influenza A—Worldwide, 1918 to Present 19
Outbreak I-11 A Pharyngitis Outbreak in the Marine Corps—San Diego 21
Outbreak I-12 A Measles Outbreak in Kosovar Refugee Children—Albania 23
Outbreak I-13 A Swimming Pool-Related Outbreak of Pharyngitis and Conjunctivitis—Spain 25
Outbreak I-14 A Cruise Ship-Associated Legionnaires’ Disease Outbreak 27
Outbreak I-15 A Pertussis Epidemic—Washington State 29
College Perspective
Outbreak I-16 A Mumps Outbreak on a University Campus—California 31
Global Perspective
Outbreak I-17 A Diphtheria Outbreak—Colombia 34
Reference Material 37
Section II Outbreaks of Disease of the Gastrointestinal Tract 51
Outbreak II-1 A Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis Outbreak from Eating Eggs—Multistate 54
Outbreak II-2 A Diarrhea Outbreak Associated with Swimming Pool Use—Ohio 56
Outbreak II-3 Diarrhea among Attendees of the Washington County Fair—New York 58
Outbreak II-4 An Amoebiasis Outbreak—Georgia 60
Outbreak II-5 A Typhoid Fever Outbreak Linked with a Frozen Fruit Drink—Florida 62
Outbreak II-6 A Diarrhea Outbreak in a Day Care Nursery—Juneau, Alaska 64
Outbreak II-7 A Foodborne Outbreak of Bloody Diarrhea—Multistate 66
Outbreak II-8 A Multistate Outbreak of Listeriosis—Northeastern United States 68
Outbreak II-9 An Outbreak of Rotaviral Gastroenteritis among Children—Jamaica 69
Outbreak II-10 Bloody Diarrhea Associated with Eating Ground Beef—United States 71
Outbreak II-11 A Hepatitis Outbreak Associated with Restaurant Onions—Pennsylvania 73
Outbreak II-12 A Rotavirus Outbreak among College Students—District of Columbia 75
Outbreak II-13 A Cholera Outbreak in a Refugee Camp—Democratic Republic of the Congo 77
Outbreak II-14 A Diarrhea Outbreak Associated with Raw Milk and Cheese Consumption—Pennsylvania 80
Outbreak II-15 A Listeriosis Outbreak Associated with Pasteurized Milk—Massachusetts 83
Outbreak II-16 An Outbreak Associated with Seasonal Consumption of Raw Ground Beef—Wisconsin 85
College Perspective
Outbreak II-17 A Diarrhea Outbreak Associated with an Adventure Race—Nevada 87
Global Perspective
Outbreak II-18 A Case-Control Study of an Outbreak of Clostridioides difficile at a Tertiary Care Medical Center—Amsterdam, The Netherlands 89
Reference Material 93
Section III Pathogens and Diseases That Are Transmitted Sexually 105
Outbreak III-1 An STD Outbreak among Teenagers—Georgia 107
Outbreak III-2 An STD Outbreak among Hispanic Men—California 109
Outbreak III-3 An Outbreak of HIV Disease in the Adult-Film Industry—California 111
Outbreak III-4 An Outbreak of Azithromycin-Resistant Gonorrhea—Kansas City 113
Outbreak III-5 Invasive Cervical Cancer among Women—United States 115
Outbreak III-6 A Proctitis Outbreak among Men Who Have Sex with Men—Netherlands 117
Outbreak III-7 A Syphilis Outbreak Connected to a Cybersex Chat Room—San Francisco 119
Outbreak III-8 STDs in Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom—Iraq 121
Outbreak III-9 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection among U.S. Military Service Members 123
College Perspective
Outbreak III-10 STD Risk Increased by Using the Internet To Find Casual Sexual Partners 125
Global Perspective
Outbreak III-11 Impact of AIDS Worsens Famine—Southern Africa 127
Reference Material 129
Section IV Outbreaks of Diseases of the Skin, Soft Tissues, and Eyes 139
Outbreak IV-1 An Outbreak of Pseudomonas Dermatitis from Hotel Pool and Hot Tubs—Colorado 141
Outbreak IV-2 An Outbreak of Skin Lesions in a Wrestling Team—Alaska 143
Outbreak IV-3 An Outbreak of Conjunctivitis at an Elementary School—Maine 144
Outbreak IV-4 A Measles Outbreak among Internationally Adopted Children—United States 146
Outbreak IV-5 An Outbreak of “Flesh-Eating Bacterium” Disease—Saint John, Brunswick, Canada 148
Outbreak IV-6 An Outbreak of Invasive Group A Streptococcus at a Child Care Center—Boston 150
Outbreak IV-7 An Outbreak of a Rash at a Camp for HIV-Infected Children—Connecticut 152
Outbreak IV-8 A Rubella Outbreak—Arkansas 153
Outbreak IV-9 An Outbreak of Invasive Disease Associated with Varicella in a Child Care Center—Boston 155
Outbreak IV-10 An Outbreak of Boils Associated with Footbaths at a Nail Salon—California 157
Outbreak IV-11 An Outbreak of Boils Associated with Steam Bathing, Alaska 159
Outbreak IV-12 A Skin Infection Outbreak at a Local School—Houston, Texas 161
Outbreak IV-13 An Outbreak of MRSA at Surgical Sites—Paris 163
Outbreak IV-14 An Outbreak of Necrotizing Fasciitis and Cellulitis Associated with Vein Sclerotherapy—Australia 165
College Perspective
Outbreak IV-15 Skin Infections among Tattoo Recipients—Ohio 167
Global Perspective
Outbreak IV-16 A Gas Gangrene Outbreak after a Tsunami—Papua New Guinea 170
Reference Material 171
Section V Outbreaks of Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems 181
Outbreak V-1 An Outbreak of Typhus—Burundi 183
Outbreak V-2 An Outbreak of Cyclic Fevers—India 185
Outbreak V-3 An Outbreak of Mononucleosis—Puerto Rico 186
Outbreak V-4 Fever in a Traveler Returning from Venezuela—California 187
Outbreak V-5 Cases of Rash and Fever, One Fatal, in a Family Cluster—Kentucky 189
Outbreak V-6 An Outbreak of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever—Uganda 191
Outbreak V-7 An Outbreak of Leptospirosis during Eco-Challenge—Malaysia 193
Outbreak V-8 A Dengue Fever Outbreak—Puerto Rico 194
Outbreak V-9 A Disease Outbreak Associated with International Travel—Chicago 196
Outbreak V-10 Pseudomonas Bloodstream Infections Associated with a Heparin-Saline Flush—Missouri 199
Outbreak V-11 A Brucellosis Outbreak Due to Unpasteurized Raw Goat Cheese—Andalusia, Spain 201
Outbreak V-12 An Acute Respiratory Illness Associated with Dried Animal Hides—New York City 203
Outbreak V-13 A Plague Outbreak—India 205
Outbreak V-14 A Hepatitis Outbreak from a Pain Clinic—Oklahoma 207
Outbreak V-15 An Outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus with Increased Vancomycin Resistance—Illinois 209
College Perspective
Outbreak V-16 An Outbreak of Lyme Disease—United States 211
Global Perspective
Outbreak V-17 The Zika Virus Spreads from Uganda to the United States 213
Reference Material 217
Section VI Outbreaks of Diseases of the Nervous System 231
Outbreak VI-1 An Outbreak of Acute Flaccid Paralysis—Cape Verde 232
Outbreak VI-2 An Outbreak of Paralysis from Eating Fermented Beaver Tails—Alaska 233
Outbreak VI-3 Rabies Infections from Organ Donor Tissues—Multistate 235
Outbreak VI-4 A Tetanus Outbreak—Puerto Rico 237
Outbreak VI-5 An Outbreak of Aseptic Meningitis among Recreational Vehicle Campers—Connecticut 239
Outbreak VI-6 A Mad Cow Disease Outbreak in Humans and Cattle—United States, Canada, Europe, and Japan 241
Outbreak VI-7 Foodborne Paralysis from Eating Home-Pickled Eggs—Illinois 243
Outbreak VI-8 An Outbreak of Encephalitis—New York 245
Outbreak VI-9 An Outbreak of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Meningitis—Alaska 247
Outbreak VI-10 An Outbreak of Foodborne Botulism from Home-Prepared Fermented Tofu—California 249
Outbreak VI-11 Meningitis among Travelers Returning from Saudi Arabia—United States 251
College Perspective
Outbreak VI-12 Meningitis Outbreaks Traced to Raves and Clubs—Michigan and Argentina 253
Global Perspective
Outbreak VI-13 An Outbreak of Pneumococcal Meningitis—Central African Republic 255
Reference Material 257
Appendix Selected Sources 265
Index 27
