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Sabiston and Spencer Surgery of the Chest, 10th Edition

ISBN: 9780323790246
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Περιγραφή

The only text to cover the full range of adult cardiac, thoracic, and pediatric chest surgery, Sabiston and Spencer Surgery of the Chest provides unparalleled guidance in a single, two-volume resource. This gold standard reference, edited by Drs. Frank Sellke, Pedro del Nido, and Scott Swanson, covers today’s most important knowledge and techniques in cardiac and thoracic surgery—the information you need for specialty board review and for day-to-day surgical practice. Meticulously organized so that you can quickly find expert information on open and endoscopic surgical techniques, this 10th Edition is an essential resource not only for all cardiothoracic surgeons, but also for physicians, residents, and students concerned with diseases of the chest.
Key Features
  • Features short, focused chapters divided into three major sections: Adult Cardiac Surgery, Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, and Thoracic Surgery.
  • Presents the knowledge and expertise of global experts who provide a comprehensive view of the entire specialty.
  • Provides full-color coverage throughout, helping you visualize challenging surgical techniques and procedures and navigate the text efficiently.
  • Includes new chapters on dissection complications and percutaneous treatment of mitral and tricuspid valve disease.
  • Offers extensively revised or rewritten chapters on surgical revascularization, acute dissection, vascular physiology, the latest innovations in minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery and percutaneous devices, the molecular biology of thoracic malignancy, robotics in chest surgery, congenital valve reconstructions, novel hybrid procedures in pediatric cardiac surgery, and 3D visualization of cardiac anatomy for surgical procedure planning.
  • Keeps you up to date with the latest developments in cardiothoracic imaging and diagnosis.
  • Provides access to more than 30 surgical videos online, and features new figures, tables, and illustrations throughout.
  • An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.

Περιεχόμενα

  • Instructions for Online Access
  • Cover image
  • Title page
  • Table of Contents
  • Copyright
  • Dedication
  • Contributors
  • Preface
  • Video Contents
  • Section 1: Thoracic Surgery
  • Part A: Evaluation and care
  • 1. Anatomy of the Thorax
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Thoracic Cage
  • Muscles of the Thorax
  • Surface Anatomy
  • Mediastinum
  • Tracheobronchial Tree
  • Lungs and Pulmonary Vasculature
  • Esophagus
  • Vessels of the Thorax
  • Nerves of the Thorax
  • References
  • Suggested Reading
  • 2. Radiologic Imaging of Thoracic Abnormalities
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Benign Lesions of the Lung
  • Computed Tomography of Emphysema for Lung Volume Reduction Treatment Planning
  • Interstitial Lung Diseases
  • Thoracic Infections
  • Radiology of the Mediastinum
  • Imaging for Esophageal Surgical Intervention
  • Traumatic Cardiothoracic Injuries
  • References
  • 3. Preoperative Evaluation of Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Physiologic Effects of Thoracic Surgery
  • Patient Population Undergoing Thoracic Surgery
  • Common Complications after Thoracic Surgery
  • Goals of the Preoperative Evaluation
  • History and Physical Examination
  • Imaging Studies
  • Pulmonary Function Testing
  • Prediction of Postoperative Lung Function
  • Cardiac Assessment of Patients Under Consideration for Thoracic Surgical Procedures
  • Assessment of Functional Capacity
  • References
  • 4. Perioperative Care of the Thoracic Surgical Patient
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Preoperative Education and Counseling
  • Prophylaxis
  • Intraoperative Care
  • Postoperative Care
  • Complications after Lung Surgery
  • Discharge Planning
  • References
  • Part B: Endoscopy
  • 5. Endoscopic Diagnosis of Thoracic Disease
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Principles of Endoscopic Diagnosis
  • Preprocedural Considerations for Diagnostic Endoscopy
  • Upper Endoscopy
  • Bronchoscopy
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • 6. Endoscopic Therapies for Thoracic Diseases
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Photodynamic Therapy
  • Ablative Technologies
  • Brachytherapy
  • Stents
  • Comparison of Palliative Endoscopic Therapies
  • Evolving Endoscopic Treatment Modalities for Benign Esophageal Diseases
  • References
  • Part C: Trauma
  • 7. Thoracic Trauma
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Primary Survey
  • Secondary Survey
  • Diagnostic Tests
  • Emergency Department Thoracotomy
  • Blunt Trauma
  • Penetrating Trauma
  • Complications of Thoracic Trauma
  • References
  • Part D: Trachea
  • 8. Tracheal Lesions
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Historical Perspective
  • Anatomy
  • Tracheal Pathology
  • Clinical Presentation
  • Radiographic Imaging
  • Bronchoscopy
  • Anesthesia
  • Tracheal Resection
  • Laryngotracheal Resection
  • Release Procedures
  • Repair of Tracheoinnominate and Tracheoesophageal Fistulas
  • Airway Replacement
  • Perioperative Management
  • Results
  • Complications
  • Summary
  • References
  • Part E: Benign Lung Disease
  • 9. Congenital Pulmonary Diseases
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Historical Perspectives
  • Embryology
  • Tracheal Abnormalities
  • Bronchial Branching Abnormalities
  • Lung Bud Anomalies
  • Vascular Abnormalities
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • 10. Benign Lesions of the Lung
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Inflammatory Lung Lesions
  • Epithelial Tumors
  • Mesenchymal Tumors
  • Tumors of Miscellaneous Origin
  • Other Benign Lesions
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • 11. Interstitial Lung Diseases
  • Chapter Outline
  • Granulomatous Patterns of Interstitial Lung Disease
  • Alveolitic Patterns of Interstitial Lung Disease
  • Patient Evaluation
  • Treatment
  • References
  • 12. Infectious Lung Diseases
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Pneumonia
  • Bronchiectasis
  • Lung Abscess
  • Pulmonary Mycobacterial Disease
  • Major Pulmonary Mycotic Infections
  • References
  • 13. Surgery for Emphysema
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Pathophysiology
  • Selection of Patients for Surgical Treatment of Emphysema
  • Bullectomy
  • Lung Transplantation
  • Volume Reduction
  • Combinations of Lung Transplantation and Lung Volume Reduction
  • Bronchoscopic Treatment of Emphysema
  • Summary
  • References
  • 14. Lung Transplantation
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Key Points
  • History of Lung Transplantation
  • Selection
  • Donor Operation
  • Recipient Operation
  • Postoperative Management
  • Immunosuppression
  • Infection Prophylaxis
  • Recipient Complications
  • Outcomes after Lung Transplantation
  • Summary
  • References
  • Part F: Lung Cancer
  • 15. Lung Cancer Screening: Challenges for the Thoracic Surgeon
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • History of Lung Cancer Screening
  • Modeling Approaches to Estimate Mortality Benefit
  • Other Approaches to Screening
  • Current Recommendations
  • Current Barriers to Lung Cancer Screening
  • Reporting and Management of the Screen-detected Nodule: the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-Rads)
  • Measuring Lung Nodules
  • Management of Suspicious and Very Suspicious Nodules
  • Summary
  • References
  • 16. Lung Cancer Workup and Staging
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • The Staging System
  • Diagnosis and Staging
  • Noninvasive Modalities
  • Invasive Modalities
  • Metastatic Workup
  • Summary
  • References
  • 17. Lung Cancer: Surgical Treatment
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Historical Note
  • Pulmonary Surgical Operations: Indications and Techniques
  • Surgical Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
  • Special Considerations
  • Surgical Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer
  • Summary
  • References
  • 18. Minimally Invasive Approaches to Lung Cancer
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Definition
  • History
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Strategy for Thoracoscopic Lobectomy
  • Robot-Assisted Thoracoscopic Lobectomy
  • Extended Lung Resections
  • Sublobar Resection
  • Postoperative Care
  • Results
  • Summary
  • References
  • 19. Lung Cancer: Multimodal Therapy
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Neoadjuvant Therapy Followed by Surgery
  • Adjuvant Therapy
  • Surgical Salvage
  • Local Consolidative Therapy for Oligometastatic Disease
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • 20. Lung Cancer: Surgical Strategies for Tumors Invading the Chest Wall
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction and History
  • Demographics and Symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Staging
  • Treatment
  • Preoperative Assessment
  • Operative Techniques
  • Reconstruction
  • Postoperative Care
  • Complications
  • Pathology
  • Results
  • Summary
  • References
  • 21. Anterior Approach to Superior Sulcus Lesions
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Historical Note
  • Clinical Presentation
  • Preoperative Evaluation
  • Surgical Treatment
  • The Addition of Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
  • Summary
  • References
  • Part G: Other Lung Malignancy
  • 22. Other Primary Tumors of the Lung
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Bronchopulmonary Carcinoid Tumors
  • Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia
  • Primary Pulmonary Salivary Gland–Type Tumors
  • Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinomas
  • Primary Pulmonary Sarcomas
  • Primary Pulmonary Synovial Sarcoma
  • Primary Pulmonary Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
  • Pulmonary Artery Intimal Sarcoma
  • Primary Pulmonary Lymphomas
  • Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
  • Primary Pulmonary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
  • Primary Pulmonary (Extramedullary) Plasmacytoma
  • Primary Pulmonary Melanoma
  • Thoracic Nuclear Protein in Testis Carcinoma
  • Summary
  • References
  • 23. Secondary Lung Tumors
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • History of Metastasectomy
  • Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Metastases
  • Evaluation of the Patient with Secondary Pulmonary Tumors
  • Indications for Surgery
  • Surgical Approach
  • Lymph Node Dissection
  • Results of Pulmonary Metastasectomy
  • Specific Secondary Lung Tumors
  • Alternative Treatment Options
  • Palliative Therapy
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Part H: Chest Wall
  • 24. Congenital Chest Wall Deformities
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Pectus Excavatum
  • Pectus Carinatum
  • Poland Syndrome
  • Sternal Defects
  • Thoracic Deformities in Diffuse Skeletal Disorders
  • References
  • 25. Chest Wall Tumors
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Key Points
  • Presentation and Evaluation
  • Surgical Management
  • Specific Lesions
  • Summary
  • References
  • 26. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and Dorsal Sympathectomy
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • History of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
  • Surgical Anatomy of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
  • Functional Anatomy of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
  • Compression Factors of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
  • Symptoms and Signs of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
  • Diagnosis
  • Differential Diagnosis
  • Therapy for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
  • Effort Thrombosis: Paget-Schroetter Syndrome
  • Sympathectomy with Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
  • Reoperation for Recurrent Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
  • Operative Technique for Redoing Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Surgery
  • Summary
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • Part I: Pleura
  • 27. Spontaneous Pneumothorax
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Epidemiology
  • Causes
  • Clinical Presentation
  • Imaging
  • Management
  • Special Considerations
  • References
  • 28. Empyema
  • Chapter Outline
  • Epidemiology
  • Historical Review
  • Bacteriology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Diagnosis: Clinical Signs and Symptoms, Fluid Analysis, and Radiologic Appearance
  • Treatment
  • Special Considerations: Postpneumonectomy Empyema and Bronchopleural Fistula
  • Use of Vacuum-assisted Closure in Management of Complex Pleural Spaces
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • 29. Chylothorax
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Key Points
  • Definition
  • Classification and Etiology
  • Anatomic Considerations
  • Pathophysiology
  • Symptoms and Diagnosis
  • Principles of Treatment
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • 30. Malignant Pleural and Pericardial Effusions
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Malignant Pleural Effusions
  • Malignant Pericardial Effusions
  • References
  • 31. Pleural Tumors
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Fundamentals of Pleural Tumor Biology
  • Clinical Features of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
  • Beyond Mesothelioma: Other Pleural Tumorss
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Part J: Malignant Diaphragm
  • 32. Surgery of the Diaphragm: A Deductive Approach
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Embryology
  • Structure and Function
  • Pleural and Peritoneal Attachments
  • Arterial and Venous Anatomy
  • Lymphatics
  • Diaphragmatic Innervation
  • Diagnosis of Diaphragm Pathology
  • Diaphragmatic Incisions
  • Traumatic Diaphragmatic Injury
  • Diaphragmatic Elevation
  • Diaphragmatic Hernias
  • Diaphragmatic Pacing
  • Oncology of the Diaphragm
  • Diaphragmatic Resection and Repair with Prosthetic Patch
  • Summary
  • References
  • 33. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Definition
  • History
  • Epidemiology
  • Embryology of the Diaphragm
  • Pathology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnosis
  • Associated Anomalies
  • Prognostic Factors
  • Treatment
  • Results
  • Long-Term Follow-Up
  • Future Directions
  • Other Diaphragmatic Anomalies
  • References
  • Part K: Esophagus—Benign Disease
  • 34. Esophageal Anatomy and Function
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Anatomy
  • Embryology
  • Physiology
  • Evaluation of Esophageal Function
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 35. Surgery for Congenital Lesions of the Esophagus
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Esophageal Atresia
  • Esophageal Duplications
  • Congenital Esophageal Stenosis
  • Laryngotracheoesophageal Cleft
  • References
  • 36. Surgical Treatment of Benign Esophageal Diseases
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • The Esophagus and its Surroundings
  • Esophageal Function
  • Evaluation of the Esophagus
  • Benign Esophageal Diseases and their Treatment
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Part L: Esophagus—Cancer
  • 37. Staging Techniques for Carcinoma of the Esophagus
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Esophageal Cancer Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging
  • Endoscopic Ultrasonography
  • Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
  • Computed Tomography
  • Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography
  • Surgical Staging
  • Brain Imaging
  • Molecular Staging: Prognostic Biomarkers
  • Summary
  • References
  • 38. Esophageal Resection and Replacement
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • History of Esophageal Resection
  • Considerations in Esophageal Resection
  • Summary
  • References
  • 39. Multimodality Therapy for Esophageal Cancer
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Overview: Principles of Multimodality Therapy
  • Clinical Staging
  • Neoadjuvant Therapies
  • Definitive Chemoradiation
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Part M: Mediastinum
  • 40. Mediastinal Anatomy and Mediastinoscopy
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Mediastinal Anatomy
  • Potential Spaces in the Mediastinum
  • Mediastinal Lymph Node Anatomy
  • Indications for Mediastinal Lymph Node Assessment
  • Efficacy and Utility of Mediastinoscopy
  • Preoperative Evaluation
  • Potential Complications of Mediastinoscopy
  • Surgical Technique
  • High Paratracheal Dissection
  • Lower Paratracheal Dissection
  • Carinal Dissection
  • Node Biopsy Technique and Closure of the Incision
  • Management of Major Bleeding
  • Extended Mediastinoscopy
  • Endoscopic Techniques for Mediastinal Lymph Node Assessment
  • References
  • 41. Anterior Mediastinal Masses
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Thymic Tumors
  • Germ Cell Tumors
  • Lymphomas
  • Substernal Thyroid
  • Mediastinal Parathyroid Adenoma
  • Surgical Approaches To Biopsy
  • Therapeutic Surgical Procedures: Techniques Of Thymectomy
  • Summary
  • References
  • 42. The Middle Mediastinum
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Anatomy
  • Diagnostic Modalities
  • Diseases of the Middle Mediastinum
  • References
  • 43. The Posterior Mediastinum
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Anatomy and Imaging
  • Epidemiology
  • Diagnosis
  • Surgical Approaches to the Posterior Mediastinum
  • Lesions of the Mediastinum
  • Infections of the Mediastinum
  • Summary
  • References
  • 44. Surgical Treatment of Hyperhidrosis
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Pathogenesis
  • Surgical Treatment
  • Type of Interruption
  • Complications
  • Other Surgical Treatments for Hyperhidrosis
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Part N: The Future
  • 45. The Molecular Biology of Thoracic Malignancies
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Mechanisms of Oncogenesis and Metastasis
  • Genomics and Transcriptomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Proteomics
  • Metabolomics
  • Clinical Application of Nucleic Acid and Protein Biomarkers
  • Personalized Oncology
  • Summary
  • References
  • 46. Innovations in Thoracic Surgery
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Robotic Thoracic Surgery
  • Endobronchial Techniques
  • Advanced Imaging In Thoracic Surgery
  • Ablative Techniques In Thoracic Surgery
  • Summary
  • References
  • Section 2: Adult Cardiac Surgery
  • Part A: Basic Science
  • 47. Surgical Anatomy of the Heart
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Location of the Heart
  • Morphologically Right Atrium
  • Morphologically Left Atrium
  • Morphologically Right Ventricle
  • Morphologically Left Ventricle
  • Aorta
  • Pulmonary Trunk and its Branches
  • Coronary Arteries and Veins
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 48. Vascular Physiology
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Vascular Resistance
  • Regulation of Vascular Tone
  • Endothelial Factors in Vascular Growth and Response to Injury
  • Effect of Disease States on Coronary Circulation
  • Influence of Sex
  • Pulmonary Vascular Physiology
  • Effects of Cardiovascular Surgery on Vasomotor Regulation
  • Improving Myocardial Perfusion
  • Summary
  • References
  • 49. Cellular Physiology of the Myocardium
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction: Integration of the Cellular Biology and Physiology of the Myocardium
  • Myocyte Mechanisms in the Diastolic/Systolic Transition
  • Cellular Mechanisms of Preload, Afterload, and Contractility
  • Tuning of Cardiac Function to Hemodynamic Demands
  • References
  • 50. Ventricular Mechanics
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Structure of Ventricular Tissue
  • The Cardiac Cycle
  • Determinants of Left Ventricular Filling
  • Systolic Function and End-systolic Elastance
  • Pump Function
  • Non-starling Regulation of Blood Pressure and Cardiac Output
  • Myocardial Energy Expenditure and Efficiency
  • Afterload and Ventriculo-Arterial Coupling
  • Regional Strain
  • Regional Stress and the Finite Element Method
  • Ventricular Interaction and Pericardium
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • 51. Blood Conservation, Transfusion, and Conservation
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Normal Hemostatic Mechanisms
  • Inhibiting Hemostasis: Anticoagulation
  • Non–Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants
  • Acquired Platelet Dysfunction
  • Hemostatic Testing
  • Transfusion Therapy and Transfusion Guidelines
  • Adverse Effects of Transfusions
  • Patient Blood Management in Cardiac Surgery
  • Prohemostatic Agents Used in Surgery
  • Surgical Approach
  • Blood Conservation Programs
  • Bleeding Management Algorithms
  • Summary
  • References
  • Part B: Diagnostic Procedures
  • 52. Coronary Angiography: Valve and Hemodynamic Assessment
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Diagnostic Catheterization Techniques
  • Coronary Angiography
  • Lesion Structural and Functional Assessment
  • Hemodynamic Evaluation
  • Shunts
  • Vascular Resistance
  • Valvular Heart Disease
  • Pericardial Disease
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • 53. Applications of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Computed Tomography in Cardiovascular Diagnosis
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Imaging Principles and Approaches
  • Challenges of Cardiac Imaging
  • Imaging Comparisons
  • Imaging Precautions
  • Clinical Applications
  • The Future Role of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Cardiovascular Computed Tomography
  • References
  • 54. Nuclear Cardiology and Positron Emission Tomography in the Assessment of Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction to Nuclear Cardiology
  • Stable Coronary Artery Disease (Diagnosis and Risk Stratification)
  • Acute Coronary Syndromes
  • Assessment of Myocardial Viability
  • Evaluation of Patients Post-revascularization
  • Inflammation
  • Future Directions
  • References
  • 55. Diagnostic Echocardiography (Ultrasound Imaging in Cardiovascular Diagnosis)
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Basic Principles
  • Ultrasound Imaging Modalities
  • Doppler Echocardiography
  • Ventricular Function
  • Ischemic Heart Disease
  • Cardiac Masses
  • Cardiomyopathies
  • Pericardial and Constrictive Heart Disease
  • Valvular Heart Disease
  • Aortic Disease
  • Cardiac Point-of-Care Ultrasound
  • Perioperative and Interventional Echocardiography
  • References
  • Part C: Medical- and Catheterbased Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
  • 56. Interventional Cardiology
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Historical Perspective
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Procedures
  • Complications of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
  • Advanced Technology in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
  • Pharmacology
  • Noncoronary Interventional Cardiac Procedures
  • References
  • 57. Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Acute Coronary Syndrome
  • Management of Non-ST-segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
  • St-Element Elevation Myocardial Infarction
  • Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
  • Additional Considerations in Acute Coronary Syndrome Management
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • 58. The Pharmacologic Management of Heart Failure
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
  • Pharmacologic Agents used in the Treatment of Heart Failure
  • Approach to the Management of Heart Failure
  • Suggested Reading
  • 59. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Indications
  • Preoperative Evaluation and Planning
  • Operative Techniques
  • Results
  • Population Subgroups and Areas of Uncertainty
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • 60. Transcatheter Treatment of Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Disease
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair
  • Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement
  • Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Interventions
  • Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Therapies
  • Tricuspid Valve Leaflet Coaptation Devices
  • Annuloplasty Devices
  • Orthotopic Valve Replacement
  • Heterotopic Valve Replacement
  • Future of Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Interventions
  • References
  • Part D: Perioperative and Intraoperative Care of the Cardiac Surgical Patient
  • 61. Anesthesia and Intraoperative Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Preoperative Evaluation
  • Intraoperative Management
  • Special Considerations
  • References
  • 62. Critical Care for the Adult Cardiac Patient
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Immediate Postoperative Care
  • Cardiac Dysfunction After Cardiac Surgery
  • Postoperative Bleeding
  • Neurologic Complications
  • Infection
  • Specific Considerations after Cardiac Surgery
  • References
  • 63. Critical Care for War-Related Thoracic Injuries
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • A Brief History of War-Related Chest Wounds
  • Modern Principles of Combat Casualty Care
  • Management of Combat Thoracic Trauma
  • Specific Thoracic Injuries
  • Long-Term Outcomes
  • Summary
  • References
  • 64. Neurocognitive Deficits and Stroke
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Evaluation
  • Populations at Risk
  • Mechanisms of Injury
  • Strategies for Intraoperative Reduction of Injury
  • Neuroprotective Strategies
  • Prognosis
  • References
  • 65. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Technique and Pathophysiology
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outlines
  • Introduction and History of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
  • Technical Aspects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
  • Blood Conservation during Cardiopulmonary Bypass
  • Pathophysiology of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
  • Heparin–Protamine Axis
  • Pharmacologic and HEMATOLOGIC Adjuncts to Minimize the Consequences of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
  • Biomaterial-Dependent Strategies to Minimize Blood Activation from Cardiopulmonary Bypass
  • Organ Derangements Related to Cardiopulmonary Bypass
  • The Future of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
  • References
  • 66. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • History and Evolution
  • Principles of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • Circuit and Components
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cannulation Strategies
  • Management of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • Common Pitfalls
  • Complications
  • Weaning from Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • 67. Deep Sternal Wound Infection
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Incidence and Etiology
  • Risk Factors
  • Diagnosis
  • Prevention
  • Surgical Management
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • 68. Myocardial Protection
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Biology of Surgically Induced Myocardial Ischemia
  • Cardioplegia: Basic Principles
  • Alternative Arresting Agents and Additives
  • Crystalloid (Acellular) and Blood Cardioplegia
  • Potential New Technologies
  • References
  • 69. Clinical Quality and Safety in Adult Cardiac Surgery
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • National Landscape for Quality and Safety
  • Evolving Landscape of Quality and Safety in Cardiac Surgery
  • Cardiac Surgery Teamwork and Communication
  • Perioperative Care
  • Postoperative Morbidity
  • Measurement of Care
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • 70. Surgery of the Aortic Root and Ascending Aorta
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Functional Anatomy of the Aortic Root
  • Pathology of the Aortic Root and Ascending Aorta
  • Surgical Treatment of Ascending Aortic Aneurysm
  • Surgical Treatment of Aortic Root Aneurysms
  • Ross Procedure
  • References
  • Part E: Surgical Management of Aortic Disease
  • 71. Surgery of the Aortic Arch
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Definitions and Classifications
  • Causative and Predisposing Factors
  • History and Physical Examination
  • Cardiopulmonary Perfusion Aspects
  • Brain Protection
  • Operative Techniques
  • Outcomes
  • Summary
  • References
  • 72. Descending Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Surgery
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Epidemiology
  • Pathology and Etiology
  • Natural History
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Aneurysm Classification
  • Nonoperative Management
  • Surgical Treatment
  • Operative Technique
  • Postoperative Management
  • Outcomes
  • Conclusion
  • Acknowledgments
  • Funding
  • References
  • 73. Type A Aortic Dissection
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Historical Notes
  • Classification
  • Epidemiology
  • Natural History
  • Predisposing Factors
  • Pathophysiology and Pathologic Findings
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Methods
  • Diagnostic Strategy and Special Diagnostic Considerations
  • Surgical Management
  • Results
  • Chronic Type A Aortic Dissection
  • Follow-Up
  • References
  • 74. Type B Aortic Dissection
  • Chapter Outline
  • Historical Note
  • Classification Systems
  • Epidemiology and Natural History
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Modalities
  • Management
  • Operative Approach
  • Results
  • Close Follow-Up is Crucial
  • References
  • 75. Treatment of Acute and Late Complications of Aortic Dissection
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Classification of Aortic Dissection
  • Acute Complications of Aortic Dissection
  • Rupture
  • Malperfusion
  • Static Versus Dynamic Obstruction
  • Mesenteric
  • Renal
  • Limb Ischemia
  • Spinal Cord Ischemia
  • Cerebral
  • Technical Considerations for Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair in Aortic Dissection
  • Retrograde Type a Dissection After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
  • Surveillance for Chronic Complications of Aortic Dissection
  • References
  • 76. Endovascular Therapy for Thoracic Aortic Pathologies
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Background
  • Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
  • Aortic Dissections
  • Miscellaneous Acute Aortic Syndromes
  • Complications
  • Emerging Technologies
  • Summary
  • References
  • 77. Occlusive Disease of the Brachiocephalic Vessels and Management of Simultaneous Surgical Carotid/Coronary Disease
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Occlusive Disease Involving the Brachiocephalic Arteries
  • Coronary-Subclavian Steal Syndrome
  • Concurrent Carotid and Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis
  • Summary
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 78. Percutaneous Intervention on Abdominal and Peripheral Artery Disease
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Peripheral Angiography Overview
  • Indications for Conventional Diagnostic Angiography
  • Percutaneous Intervention Strategies and Supporting Evidence
  • References
  • 79. Injury to the Heart and Great Vessels
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Blunt Cardiac Injury
  • Penetrating Cardiac Injury
  • Thoracic Aorta and Arch Vessel Injuries
  • References
  • Part F: Surgical Management of Valvular Heart Disease
  • 80. Valve Replacement Therapy: History, Valve Types, and Options
  • Abstract
  • chapter Outline
  • The Ideal Valve
  • History
  • Morbidity and Mortality Guidelines for Valve Operations
  • Prosthetic Heart Valves
  • Choice of Valve Replacement
  • References
  • 81. Surgical Treatment of Aortic Valve Disease
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Functional Anatomy Of The Aortic Valve
  • Aortic Stenosis
  • Aortic Regurgitation
  • Aortic Valve Replacement
  • Special Considerations Of Postoperative Care
  • Outcomes
  • References
  • 82. Aortic Valve Repair
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Aortic Regurgitation
  • Aortic Valve Anatomy and Function
  • Classification of Aortic Insufficiency
  • Surgical Techniques
  • Intraoperative Echocardiography
  • Outcomes
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • 83. Surgical Treatment of Mitral Valve Disease
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Anatomy
  • Mitral Stenosis
  • Mitral Regurgitation
  • Surgery
  • Results
  • References
  • 84. Surgical Treatment of Tricuspid Valve Disease
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Pathophysiology
  • Diagnosis
  • Indications for Surgery
  • Tricuspid Valve Surgery
  • Results
  • Knowledge and Evidence
  • The Present
  • Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Intervention
  • References
  • 85. Native and Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Native Valve Endocarditis
  • Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
  • Summary
  • References
  • 86. Anticoagulation, Thrombosis, and Thromboembolism of Prosthetic Cardiac Valves
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Artificial Surfaces, Coagulation Cascades, Thrombosis, and Lysis
  • Anticoagulation Therapy
  • Complications of Anticoagulation
  • Prosthetic Heart Valves
  • References
  • 87. Robotic and Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Evolution of Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery
  • Robotic Assistance
  • Patient Selection
  • Procedure Performance
  • Alternatives to Robotic Assistance
  • Pitfalls and Challenges
  • Summary
  • References
  • Part G: Management of Cardiac Arrhythmias
  • 88. Implantable Cardiac Devices for the Treatment of Bradyarrhythmias and Tachyarrhythmias
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Historical Perspective and Overview
  • Basic Concepts of Pacing and Antitachycardia Therapy
  • Indications for Implantation of Cardiac Devices
  • Standard Transvenous Techniques for Implantation of Cardiac Devices
  • Complications of Implantable Cardiac Devices
  • Extraction of Chronic Leads Used in Transvenous Cardiac Devices
  • Perioperative Management of Cardiac Devices
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 89. Catheter Ablation of Arrhythmias
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • History of Catheter Ablation
  • Procedural Technique and the Electrophysiology Study
  • Cardiac Mapping Techniques
  • Catheter Ablation Energy Sources
  • Radiofrequency
  • Cryoablation
  • Pulsed-field Ablation
  • Ablation Guidance Technologies
  • Intracardiac Echocardiogaphy
  • Ablation of Tachyarrhythmias
  • Future Directions—hybrid Surgical and Catheter Ablation
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • 90. Surgical Treatment of Arrhythmias
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Atrial Fibrillation
  • Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia
  • Ventricular Tachycardia
  • References
  • Part H: Surgical Management of Coronary Artery Disease and its Complications
  • 91. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Glossary
  • History
  • Pathomechanistic Considerations Relevant For Invasive Treatment Of CAD
  • Imaging of Coronary Artery Disease
  • Assessing the Severity of CAD
  • Preoperative Risk Assessment
  • Indications for Invasive Treatment of CAD and Expected Treatment Effects
  • Main Evidence
  • Guideline Recommendations
  • Classic and Concomitant Indications
  • Rare Indications
  • Value and Interpretation of Available Evidence
  • Preoperative Work-Up
  • Surgical Procedure
  • Postoperative Care
  • Future Directions
  • References
  • 92. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • The Evolution of Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
  • Technical Aspects of Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass
  • Future Directions
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • 93. Conduit Choice for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • History
  • Evidence for Multiple Arterial Grafting
  • Summary
  • References
  • 94. Less-Invasive and Robotic Approaches to Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Direct Exposure Techniques
  • Robotic-assisted Technique
  • Hybrid Coronary Revascularization
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • 95. Redo Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Indications for Coronary Reoperations and Preoperative Evaluation
  • Conduct of a Coronary Reoperation
  • Special Situations: Valve-graft Reoperations, Minimally Invasive Reoperations, Off-pump Reoperations, and Laser Revascularization
  • Short- and Long-term Results of Reoperation
  • References
  • 96. Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Definitions
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Presentation
  • Evaluating Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation
  • Therapeutic Targets in Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation
  • Patient Management
  • Prognostic Impact of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation
  • Surgical Principles
  • Type II Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation
  • References
  • 97. Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Defect and Ventricular Rupture
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Historical Perspective
  • Etiology and Pathogenesis
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Presentation, Preoperative Management, and Risk Stratification
  • Outcomes
  • Summary
  • References
  • 98. Nonatherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Coronary Artery Anomalies
  • Mechanical Injury to the Coronary Artery
  • Progressive Nonatherosclerotic Coronary Occlusive Disease
  • Substance Abuse
  • References
  • Part I: Surgical Management of Heart Failure
  • 99. Pericardium and Constrictive Pericarditis
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • The Pericardium
  • Nonconstrictive Pericarditis
  • Cardiac Tamponade
  • Constrictive Pericarditis
  • Pericardial Cysts and Diverticula
  • Pericardial Tumors
  • Pericardial Defects
  • Pericardial Surgical Procedures
  • References
  • 100. Surgical Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Definition
  • Genetics
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Criteria
  • Natural History
  • Surgical Treatment
  • Outcomes
  • Survival
  • Comparison to Septal Artery Ablation
  • Timing of Intervention
  • Special Subgroups
  • References
  • 101. Ventricular Assist Device and Total Artificial Heart
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Historical Perspective
  • Implant Strategies for Mechanical Circulatory Support
  • Indications for Mechanical Circulatory Support
  • Patient Selection
  • Device Selection
  • Types of Devices
  • Surgical Technique Used for Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
  • Postoperative Management After Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
  • Complications
  • Summary
  • References
  • 102. Heart Transplantation
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Historical Background
  • Recipient Considerations
  • Donor Considerations
  • Operations
  • Postoperative Management
  • Outcomes
  • Future Perspectives
  • References
  • 103. Heart-Lung Transplantation
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Indications for Heart-lung Transplantation
  • Treatment of Patients Awaiting Transplantation
  • Selection and Management of Donors
  • Heart-lung Preservation
  • Operative Technique for Donor Heart-lung Removal
  • Operative Procedure
  • Postoperative Management
  • Complications
  • Physiology of the Transplanted Lung
  • Late Results
  • Future Developments
  • References
  • 104. Left Ventricular Restoration: Surgical Treatment of the Failing Heart
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
  • Diagnosis and Patient Selection for Surgery
  • Outcomes
  • New Insights
  • Summary
  • References
  • 105. Regenerative Cell-Based Therapy for the Treatment of Cardiac Disease
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Delivery Methods for Cell Transplantation
  • Adult Stem or Progenitor Cells for Cardiac Cell Therapy
  • Potential Mechanisms of Action for Cell-based Regenerative Therapies
  • Current Challenges and Future Directions for Cardiac Regenerative Medicine
  • Summary
  • References
  • 106. Surgery for Pulmonary Embolism and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
  • Chronic Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
  • Summary
  • References
  • 107. Neoplasms of the Heart and Great Vessels
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • General Classification of Neoplasms
  • Pathology and Molecular Biology of Cardiac Neoplasms
  • Clinical Presentation of Cardiac Neoplasms
  • Imaging for Cardiac Neoplasms
  • Benign Primary Cardiac Neoplasms
  • Malignant Primary Cardiac Neoplasms
  • Neoplasms of the Great Vessels
  • Surgical Resection of Malignant Neoplasms and Autotransplantation
  • Heart Transplantation
  • Mechanical Cardiac Replacement
  • References
  • Section 3: Congenital Heart Surgery
  • 108. Cardiac Embryology and Genetics
  • Chapter Outline
  • Cardiac Specification
  • Body-plan Laterality and Cardiac Looping
  • Chamber Specification and the Cardiogenic Transcriptional Program
  • Cardiac Septation of the Atria, Ventricles, Atrioventricular Junction, and Outflow Tract
  • Outflow Tract Development: Anterior Heart Field and Cardiac Neural Crest
  • The Causes of Congenital Heart Disease: Additional Factors
  • Genetic Abnormalities Associated with Congenital Heart Disease
  • Conclusion
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • 109. Segmental Anatomy
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Visceral Situs
  • Location of the Heart
  • Segmental Analysis
  • Summary
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • 110. Diagnostic Imaging: Echocardiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Computed Tomography
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Echocardiography and Doppler Ultrasound
  • Special Echocardiographic Procedures
  • Quantitative Analysis
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Computed Tomography
  • Summary
  • References
  • 111. 3D Image Reconstruction and Surgical Planning
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction and Overview
  • Workflow and Applications of 3D Models
  • Lesion-specific Application of 3D Models
  • Future Perspective
  • References
  • 112. Cardiac Catheterization and Fetal Intervention
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Roles of Diagnostic Catheterization
  • Invasive Imaging
  • Hemodynamic Assessment
  • Vascular Access
  • Interventions
  • Surgical-interventional Collaboration
  • References
  • 113. Surgical Approaches and Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Approaches to Cardiac Structures and Great Vessels for Transthoracic Cannulation for Cardiopulmonary Bypass
  • Approaches to Extracardiac Structures in Infants and Children
  • Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Children
  • The Cardiopulmonary Bypass Plan
  • References
  • 114. Mechanical Circulatory Support in Children
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • Technical Aspects of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Cannulation
  • Ventricular Assist Devices
  • Expanding Vad Support to Challenging Pediatric Populations
  • References
  • 115. Pediatric Anesthesia and Critical Care
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Pathophysiology
  • Physiologic Approach to Congenital Heart Disease
  • Preoperative Evaluation
  • Monitoring
  • Anesthesia
  • Discontinuation of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
  • Postoperative Management
  • References
  • 116. Enhanced Recovery After Congenital Cardiac Surgery
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Guideline Development
  • Team Composition
  • Major Program Components
  • Inclusion and Exclusion
  • Implementation
  • Process Improvement Opportunities
  • Program Review and Value
  • Local Results and Multi-institutional Collaborations
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 117. Congenital Tracheal Disease
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • History of Pediatric Tracheal Surgery
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
  • Surgical Techniques
  • Surgical Management of Tracheal Stenosis
  • Surgical Management of Tracheobronchomalacia and Excessive Dynamic Airway Collapse
  • Tracheal Transplantation
  • Associated Vascular Anomalies
  • Summary
  • References
  • 118. Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Coarctation of the Aorta, and Vascular Rings
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • General Surgical Approach
  • Patent Ductus Arteriosus
  • Coarctation of the Aorta
  • Vascular Rings, Vascular Slings, and Vascular Compression Syndromes
  • Advanced Assessment of Associated Airway Disease
  • References
  • 119. Atrial Septal Defect and Cor Triatriatum
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction and Historical Context
  • Embryology, Anatomy, and Genetics
  • Epidemiology
  • Associated Features
  • Pathophysiology and Natural History
  • Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Evaluation
  • Management of Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Foramen Ovale
  • Outcomes
  • Cor Triatriatum
  • References
  • 120. Surgical Considerations in Pulmonary Vein Anomalies
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Etiology
  • Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage
  • Scimitar Syndrome
  • Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage
  • Special Considerations
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • 121. Atrioventricular Canal Defects
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Anatomy
  • Pathophysiology
  • Timing of Surgery
  • Preoperative Evaluation
  • Surgical Technique
  • Associated Cardiac Lesions
  • Postoperative Care
  • Outcomes
  • Summary
  • References
  • 122. Ventricular Septal Defect and Double-Outlet Right Ventricle
  • Chapter Outline
  • Ventricular Septal Defect
  • Double-outlet Right Ventricle with Normally Related Great Arteries
  • References
  • 123. Pulmonary Atresia With Intact Ventricular Septum
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Anatomy
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Presentation
  • Diagnosis and Imaging
  • Initial Management and Stabilization
  • Surgical Management
  • Summary of Our Institutional Approach to Surgical Management
  • Surgical Outcomes
  • Summary and Conclusions
  • References
  • 124. Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Stenosis
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • History
  • Prevalence and Etiology
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Physical Examination
  • Medical Management
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Surgical Treatment
  • Special Topics in Surgical Management
  • Controversies in Surgical Management
  • Postoperative Management
  • Long-term Follow-up
  • Atrioventricular Septal Defect and Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • 125. Pulmonary Atresia With Ventricular Septal Defect and Right Ventricle-to-Pulmonary Artery Conduits
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect
  • Right Ventricle-to-pulmonary Artery Conduits
  • References
  • 126. Truncus Arteriosus and Aortopulmonary Window
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Truncus Arteriosus
  • Aortopulmonary Window
  • References
  • 127. Interrupted Aortic Arch
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Historical Notes
  • Embryology and Anatomy
  • Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentation
  • Diagnosis and Imaging
  • Preoperative Considerations
  • Summary
  • References
  • 128. Surgery for Congenital Anomalies of the Aortic Valve and Aortic Root
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Surgical Anatomy of the Aortic Valve and Root
  • Diagnostic Approach to Congenital Anomalies of the Aortic Valve and Aortic Root
  • Aortic Stenosis
  • Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis
  • Aortic Regurgitation
  • Aortic Valve Reconstructive Techniques
  • Aortic Valve Replacement
  • Mechanical Prostheses, Anticoagulation, and Pregnancy
  • Summary
  • References
  • 129. Surgery for Congenital Anomalies of the Coronary Arteries
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Anomalous Origin of a Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery
  • Anomalous Aortic Origin of the Coronary Artery
  • Coronary Artery Fistula
  • Congenital Ostial Atresia of the Left Main Coronary Artery
  • Surgical Results
  • References
  • 130. Transposition of the Great Arteries: Simple and Complex Forms
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • History
  • Epidemiology
  • Classification and Embryology
  • Anatomy
  • Clinical Features
  • Diagnosis
  • Preoperative Medical Management
  • Surgical Management
  • Complex Transposition
  • Summary
  • References
  • 131. Surgery for Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • General Description and Morphology
  • Clinical Presentation of Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries
  • Problem of the Tricuspid Valve and the Morphologic Right Ventricle in the Systemic Circulation
  • Investigations and Evaluation
  • Surgical Options
  • Results
  • Summary
  • References
  • 132. Congenital Anomalies of the Mitral Valve
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Embryology of the Mitral Valve
  • Pathologic Features
  • Functional Classification of Mitral Valve Anomalies
  • Diagnosis
  • Medical Treatment
  • Surgical Treatment
  • Results
  • References
  • 133. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Fetal Evaluation and Prenatal Management
  • Neonatal Evaluation and Management
  • Surgical Palliation
  • Hybrid Palliation
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • 134. Management of Single Ventricle and Cavopulmonary Connections
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Introduction
  • Anatomy
  • Natural History
  • Epidemiology
  • The Single Ventricle Journey
  • Single Ventricle Physiology and Optimization from Birth
  • Bidirectional Cavopulmonary Shunt (Bidirectional Glenn)
  • Surgical Evolution of the Fontan Procedure
  • Fontan Patient Selection and Optimization
  • Outcomes of Single Ventricle Palliation
  • Surgical Management of Late Fontan Failure
  • Future Perspectives
  • References
  • 135. Ebstein Malformation
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Historical Aspects
  • Pathologic Anatomy
  • Classifications of Ebstein Malformation
  • Genetic Factors
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Presentations
  • Diagnostic Work-up
  • Natural History
  • Management
  • Postoperative Care
  • Outcomes
  • References
  • 136. Adult Congenital Cardiac Surgery
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Background
  • Surgical Decision Making
  • Preoperative Evaluation
  • Non-cardiac Sequelae of Congenital Heart Disease
  • Perioperative Management
  • Postoperative Management
  • Specific Lesions
  • Infective Endocarditis
  • Summary
  • References
  • 137. Quality Improvement: Surgical Performance
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Background
  • Development of the Technical Performance Score
  • Piloting the Technical Performance Score
  • Standardization of Methodology
  • Validation of Technical Performance Score
  • Prospective Validation of Technical Performance Score
  • References
  • Index