Preface viii
Acknowledgements x
1 The Anatomy and Physiology: The Male Reproductive System 1
Production, Maintenance and Transportation of Male Sperm and Seminal Fluid 1
Ejaculation of Semen from the Penis 2
Production and Secretion of Male Sex Hormones 2
Integration with Other Body Systems 2
The Scrotum 3
The Testes 4
Spermatogenesis 5
Sperm 8
Epididymis 9
The Vas Deferens, Spermatic Cord and Ejaculatory Duct 9
The Seminal Vesicles 9
The Prostate Gland 9
The Zones of the Prostate Gland 11
Surfaces of the Prostate Gland 11
Prostate Gland Function 12
Structures Located Around the Prostate Gland 12
Prostate-Specific Antigen 12
The Penis 13
Hormonal Control of Male Reproduction 14
Conclusion 16
Glossary of Terms 17
Multiple Choice Questions 18
References 19
2 Assessment of the Male Reproductive System 20
Men’s Health 20
Inclusive Healthcare 21
Assessing Needs 23
The History 25
Subjective Objective Data 25
The Physical Examination 29
Conclusion 34
Glossary of Terms 35
Multiple Choice Questions 36
References 37
3 Testicular Torsion 39
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Testicular Torsion 39
Epidemiology 42
Risk Factors 43
Extravaginal 43
Intravaginal 43
Clinical Presentation 44
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 48
Management 51
Health Teaching 52
Conclusion 53
Glossary of Terms 53
Multiple Choice Questions 54
References 55
4 Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms 57
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with LUTS 57
Epidemiology 61
Risk Factors 62
Clinical Presentation 64
Storage Symptoms 64
Voiding Symptoms 65
Post-micturition Symptoms 65
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 66
Management 71
Health Teaching 73
Conclusion 73
Glossary of Terms 73
Multiple Choice Questions 74
References 76
5 Penile Disorders 77
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Peyronie’s Disease 77
Epidemiology 78
Risk Factors 79
Clinical Presentation 80
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 81
Management 85
Health Teaching 87
Conclusion 88
Glossary of Terms 89
Multiple Choice Questions 90
References 91
6 Prostate Cancer 93
Cancer 93
Trans Women 94
Screening for Prostate Cancer 94
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Prostate Cancer 94
Epidemiology 96
Risk Factors 98
Clinical Presentation 99
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 101
Management 105
Prostate Cancer Stages 105
Histological Grading 107
Treatment Options 107
Supporting Patients 109
Health Teaching 111
Conclusion 111
Glossary of Terms 112
Multiple Choice Questions 113
References 114
7 Erectile Dysfunction 116
The Erectile Process 118
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with ED 119
Primary and Secondary ED 120
Epidemiology 121
Risk Factors 122
Clinical Presentation 123
Contents vii
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 123
Management 126
Treatment 126
Health Teaching 128
Conclusion 129
Glossary of Terms 130
Multiple Choice Questions 131
References 132
8 Male Infertility 134
Pathophysiological Changes Associated with Male Infertility 134
Congenital Causes 135
Anatomical Causes 135
Pathological Causes 136
Sexual Causes 136
Acquired Causes 137
Epidemiology 137
Risk Factors 138
Clinical Presentation 139
Clinical Investigations and Diagnosis 140
Physical Examination 141
Semen Analysis 144
Management 146
Sperm Banking and Fertility Preservation 147
Health Teaching 148
Conclusion 148
Glossary of Terms 149
Multiple Choice Questions 149
References 151
MCQ Answers 152
Index 153
